m  . 

HENRY 

/ViEMOEEAM 

U.  BRANDENSTEIN 

THIRD  SATIRE 


OF 
JUVENAL. 


NEW  TRANSLATION 

WITH  NOTES, 


OF 


THE  THIRD  SATIRE 

Of 

JUVENAL. 

,Y 

TO  WHICH  ARE  ADDED, 

MISCELLANEOUS  POEMS. 

ORIGINAL  AND  TRANSLATED. 


NEW-YORK  : — PRINTED  FOR  E.  SARCEANT,  NO  39  WALL- 
SIRET,  OPPOSITE  THE  UNITED-STATES  EANK. 

1806. 


UEMORfAD 


,  > 

-t,' 


CONTENTS. 


Letter  to  the  Author  from  a  Jpiend  .  .  .     page  vii. 
Third  Satire  of  Juvenal  .............       5 

Notes  on  the  Satire  ...............  65 

Lines  addreiTed  to  .Mifs   *****   ******  ....  ioi 

-  to  the  memory  of  Cov/per  ........  10'* 

-  addrefled  to   the   fafhionable  part  of  my 
young  countrywomen  ...........  106 

----  young  ladies  who  attended 

Mr.  Chilton's  lectures  ...........  Ill 

—  —  On  Cowper  ...............  HQ 

-  -  Written  in  November,  180.5  .......  119 

Verfes  addrefied  to  a  young  lady,   &c   .....  122 

Lines  to  Petrofa  .  .  .  „  - 


331 
Anacreon,  Ode  xxxvn  f  ...........       133 


vi  CONTENTS. 

Imitation  of  Anacreon's  thirty-feventh  Ode  .  .  .  1S5 

Anacreon  Ode  xxxix 137 

Tranfhtion  of  a  Chorus  in  the  Prometheus  of 

^Efchylus 139 

War  Song  from  the  Greek  of  Tyrtseus 142 

Ode  from  the  Spanifh 14-5 

Tranflations  from  the  "  Jerufalem  Delivered"     .  14-8 

Sonnet  from  Petrarch 158 

II.  From  the  fame 160 

III.  To  Mifs 162 

IV.  To  the  fame 163 

V 164 

VI 165 

VII.  To  William  Cobbett,  Efq 166 

VIII i68 

.££ 169 

Tranflation  of  Cowper's  Votum 170 

Imitation  of  fome  Stanzas  of  Lorenzo  de  Medici   l7l 

Triumph  of  Woman 173. 

Concluding  Sonnet , 191 


LETTER  FROM  A  FRIEND. 


MY  DEAR  FRIEND, 

When  you  imparted  to  me  your  defign  of  publifh- 
ing  a  volume  of  poems,  it  occurred  to  my  mind  that 
the  ftyle  of  your  poetry  would  not  be  conformable  to 
the  poetical  tafle  which  appears  to  be  now  prevalent. 
In  confequence  of  this  thought,  I  fuggefted  to  you 
the  expediency  of  prefixing  to  your  book  a  few  pre 
liminary  reflections  upon  the  condition  of  American 
poetry;  by  which  it  might  appear  that  you  were  con- 
fcious  of  your  departure  from  the  ufual  track  of  your 
poetical  brethren  ;  and  that  although  you  tranfgrefied 
the  American  laws  of  verfe,  your  conduct  did  not  pro 
ceed  from  a  contempt  for  all  pofitive  regulations,  but  for 
fuch  only  as  contravene  the  everlailing  laws  of  reafon. 
Although  you  were  fenfible  of  the  propriety  of  fuch 
an  introduction  to  your  mifcellany,  you  complained 
that  a  want  of  leifure  prevented  you  from  executing 
the  dcfign,  and  requefted  me  to  undertake  the  per- 


Vlll  LETTER  FROM  A  FRIEND* 

formance  in  your  ftead.  It  would  be  affectation  to 
detain  you  with  proteftations  of  the  unwillingnefs  and 
diffidence  with  which  I  at  length  entered  upon  the 
talk.  With  regard  to  inclination  ;  I  was  prompted 
to  comply  with  your  requefl,  not  only  by  the  defire 
of  ferving  a  friend,  but  by  the  hope  of  lending  fome 
affiftance  towards  checking  an  increafmg  evil.  And 
as  to  my  want  of  ability  to  perform  the  talk  enjoin 
ed  ;  I  was  encouraged  to  hope  that  the  feeblenefs 
of  my  powers  would  be  in  fome  meafure  compenfa- 
ted  by  the  goodnefs  of  my  caufe. 

I  originally  intended  to  notice  in  a  curfory  man 
ner  the  principal  productions  of  our  American  mufc, 
and  to  point  out  the  leading  features  in  each.  But 
when  I  was  preparing  to  execute  my  plan,  two  con- 
fiderations  arofe  to  prevent  me  from  proceeding  in  the 
manner  propofed  ;  the  firft  was,  that  almoft  all  the 
productions  which  compofed  our  body  poetic,  bore 
fo  flrong  a  family  likenefs  to  one  another,  that  it 
would  be  an  unprofitable  wafle  of  time  to  enter  in 
to  a  particular  defcription  of  each  individual.  The 
fecond  preventing  confideration  was,  that  many  of  the 
mod  refpectable  productions  had  long  fince.been  dead, 
and  that  it  would  bear  the  appearance  of  irreverent 
malignity  to  call  up  from  their  reft  thofe  who  had 
fo  long  been  buried  in  oblivion.  The  conqu.eft  cf 
Canaan,  Greenfield  Hill,  MTingal,  The  Vifion  of 


LETTER  FROM  A  FRIEND.  IX 

Columbus,  The  Progrefs  of  Genius,  and  others  which 
might  be  cited,  lived  very  harmlefsly,  and  fuffercd 
little  injury  ;  they  offended  no  one,  and  no  pcrfon  felt 
difpofed  to  offer  violence  to  them  ;  and  as  they  lived 
peaceably,  fo  they  died  quietly.  Let  us  not  therefore 
prefume  to  trouble  their  repofe.  One  general  charac 
ter  appears  to  be  flampt  upon  almofl  all  American  po 
etical  productions,  they  feem  to  be  the  offspring  of 
minds  faintly  glowing  with  the  fire  of  genius,  and 
unprovided  with  large  ftores  of  wifdom  acquired  by 
literary  refearch  or  extend ve  obfervation  of  mankind* 
Nor  ihould  it  be  a  fubject  of  any  furprife,  that  our 
country  has  rifcn  to  no  great  eminence  in  poetry  •,  the 
vaft  field  for  productive  induftry  which  is  open  to  the 
great  body  of  the  community,  prevents  much  attention 
even  to  the  mod  ufeful  learning  *,  no  wonder  therefore 
that  the  ornamental  parts  of  literature  are  neglected. 
The  grandeur  of  all  die  natural  objects  which  meet 
the  eye  in  our  country  is  certainly  favourable  to  the 
poetic  emotions  of  an  ardent  mind  ;  and  no  doubt, 
had  the  indications  of  poetic  genius,  which  mufl  have 
appeared  on  various  occafions  among  us,  met  with  as 
generous  encouragement  as  has  been  beftowed  upon 
the  genius  for  painting  which  fome  of  our  country 
men  have  difplayed,  America  would  have  been  as 
much  diftinguifhed  by  the  eminence  of  her  poets-  t"S 
«tf  her  painters. 


X  LETTER  FROM  A  FRIEND. 

But  though  I  feel  fo  much  deference  for  the  Fathers 
of  American  poetry ;  far  different  are  the  emotions 
which  are  excited  in  my  bread  by  a  modern  fet  of  min- 
ftrels  who  are  now  thrumming  their  ill-tuned  harps, 
and  pouring  forth  their  unmeaning  ftrains  among  us, 
with  increafmg  applaufe.  The  tafle  of  our  city  in  par 
ticular  appears  to  be  growing  every  day  more  vitiated 
with  regard  to  poetry  •,  thofe  verfes  are  here  moft  likely 
to  gain  admiration  which  approach  nearefl  to  the  ftyle 
of  Delia  Crufca  and  Anna  Matilda,  if  we  except  thofe 
which  fome  occafional  circumftance  renders  interefting 
to  the  public.  There  is  a  difficulty  attending  every  at 
tempt  to  criticife  thefe  late  productions,  of  the  fame 
nature  with  that  which  prevents  the  demonftration  of 
an  axiom  ;  they  are  fo  felf-evidently  bad  that  one  is  at 
a  lofs  for  more  evident  data  by  the  aid  of  which  their 
badnefs  may  be  proved.  Yet  effufions  of  this  kind, 
of  various  lengths,  are  daily  heard  and  publicly  ap 
plauded.  To  illuftrate  what  has  been  aflerted,  I  will 
adduce  two  or  three  examples  of  the  poetry  in  queftion, 
which  have  received  the  highefl  encomiums  ;  and 
notwithftanding  the  difficulty  of  preventing  them  from 
eluding,  like  water,  the  critical  grafp,  I  will  en 
deavour  to  examine  their  boafted  beauties,  and  fet 
forth  their  true  merits. 

There  appeared  a  poem  fome  time  ago,  called  "  The 
Power  of  Solitude,"  which  has  patted  through  two  edi- 


LETTER  FROM  A  FRIEND.  tf 

tions,  which  was  highly  extolled  in  one  of  our  public 
prints,  for  feveral  days  fucceflively  ;  and  which  had  a 
tolerably  extenfive  fa!e  in  our  city.  The  firft  part  be 
gins  in  this  drain  : 

"  O'er  the  dim  glen  when  autumn's  dewy  ray 

Sheds  the  mild  luflres  of  retiring  day, 

While  fcarcc  the  breeze  with  whifpering  murmur 

flows 

To  hymn  its  dirge  at  evening's  placid  clofe  : 
When  awful  filence  holds  her  fullcn  reign, 
And  moonlight  fparkles  on  the  dimpled  main  } 
Or  thro'  fome  ancient,  folitary  tower 
Difport  loofe  fhadows  at  the  midnight  hour  : 
Whence   flows  the  charm  thefe   hallowed  fcencs 

impart, 

To  warm  the  fancy,  and  affect  the  heart  ? 
Why  fwells  the  breaft,  alive  at  every  pore, 
With  throbs  unknown,  and  pains  unfelt  before  ? 
Why  turns  the  rcfllefs  glance  on  every  fide 
In  gmteful  gloom,  or  melancholy  pride  ? 
Touched  by  quick  SYMPATHY'S  myfterious  fpring, 
Thought's  airy  fpritcs  in  mazy  circles  wing, 
O.i  the  fine  nerves  imprcfs  a  trembling  thrill. 
And  move  obedient  to  the  wakeful  will, 
Till  memory's  trains  in  fwift  fucceflion  rife, 
And  round  RETIREMENT  blend  harmonic  dyes." 
There  are  many  readers  of  poetry  who,  if  the  vei  fes 


&li  LETTER  FROM  A  FRIEND. 

be  well  tuned,  and  the  expreffions  glowing,  pay  no 
regard  whatever  to  the  general  fcope  of  the  poem  •,  if 
they  can  underftand  a  fentence,  or  half  a  fentence> 
here  and  there,  they  deem  this  as  much  as  is  com-* 
monly  neceflary  in  order  to  relifh  the  beauties  of  verfe. 
For  perfons  who  thus  enjoy  the  harmony  of  numbers, 
it  may  be  queftioned  whether  a  more  exquifite  morfel 
than  this  which  I  have  felected  could  be  chofen  from 
the  whole  compafs  of  Englifh  poetry.  We  have  here 
"  Autumn's  dewy  ray";  "  The  breeze  with  whifpering 
murmur  flowing  to  hymti  its  dirge" \  "  Moonlight  fpark- 
ling  on  the  dimpled  main";  and  other  poetic  ornaments 
in  profufion  •,  and  all  running  into  each  other  with  the 
greateft  harmony  of  verification.  But  there  are  fome 
who  pretend  to  a  tafte  for  poetry,  who  have  heard 
that  no  compofition,  whether  profe  or  verfe,  can  be 
good  which  is  devoid  of  meaning;  thefe  perfons,  though 
they  j  udge,  very  frequently,  in  the  fame  manner  with 
thofe  mentioned  before,  would  be  much  offended  if 
they  were  fufpected  of  not  comprehending  what  they 
admire.  To  fuch  admirers  of  "The  Power  of  Solitude1' 
the  following  remarks  upon  the  pafTage  here  quoted 
are  addrefled. 

The  Poet  begins  by  afking  fome  queftions,  to 
which  he  prudently  gives  an  anfwer  himfelf ;  for  I 
am  certain  it  would  have  puzzled  Apollo  and  the  nine 
Mufes  to  have  hit  upqn  an  anfwer  refembling  it.  He 


LETTER  FROM  A  FRIEND.  Xlli 

demands  why,  when  autumn's   dewy  ray  (heds  the 
mild  luftre  of  retiring  day  ;  when  awful  filence  holds 
her  fullen  reign  •,  when  loofe  fliadows  difport  at  the 
midnight  hour  ;  why,  when  thefe  fcenes  are  prefent, 
the  bread  swells  alive  at  every  pore,  with  throbs  un 
known,  and  pains  unfelt    before  ?    The  answer  is, 
"  Touched  by  quirk  SYMPATHY'S  myfterious  fpring, 
Thought's  airy  fprites  in  mazy  circles  wing, 
On  the  fine  nerves  imprefs  a  trembling  thrill," 
In  other  words,  it  is  fympathy  which  caufes  thought's  ai~ 
ry  fprites  to  fly  in  mazy  circles,  and  to  imprefs  the  nerves 
with  a  trembling  thrill.     Now  let  us  afk  in  turn,  with 
what  thefe  fprites  of  thought  fympathize  ?  There  muft 
either  be  fomething  which   the  poet  has  not  revealed 
with  which  they  fympathize  ;  or  it  muft  be  with  fome 
of  the  objects  or  fcenes  which  are  defcribed  as  warm 
ing  the  fancy  and   fwelling  the  bread.     That  is,    the 
fprites  of  thought  fympathize  with  a  "  dewy  ray,"  or 
a  «  whifpering  murmur,"  or  with  "  moonlight  fpark- 
ling  on  the  dimpled  dream  -,"  a  rational  mind  fympa- 
thizes  with  the  appearances  of  inanimate  nature.     This 
fympathy  muft  indeed  be  produced  by  a  "  myfterious 
fpring,"  which  I  believe  the  penetration  of  no  mortal, 
before  our  poet,  ever  difcovered.     But  thefe  thoughts 
after  being  fet  in  motion  by  fympathy, — "  move  obe 
dient  to  the  wakeful  will  ;"  fympathy,   therefore,  ha$ 
no  more  to  do  than  to  give  the   firft  fpring   to   thefe 


Xiif  LfeTTfeR  FROM   A   FRIEND. 

thoughts,  and  then  they  are  left  to  the  control  of  the 
will.  The  thoughts  of  the  human  mind  are  not  very 
obedient  to  the  will  at  any  time,  as  the  generality  of 
mankind  can  with  forrow  teftify  j  it  is  certainly 
ftrange  then  that  the  thoughts  of  a  perfon  in  fuch  a  fit- 
nation  as  our  poet  defcribes  can  be  obedient  to  his 
will,  while  the  hrpsft  is  fwplling,  and  alive  at  every 
pore,  with  throbs  unknown  and  pains  unfelt  before. 
This  fcene  of  mental  diforder  continues, 

«  'Till  memory's  trains  in  fwift  fucceflion  rife, 
And  round  RETIREMENT  blend  harmonic  dyes/' 
It  would  feem  from  thefe  two  laft  lines,  that  our  au 
thor  does  not  confider  the  trains  of  memory  as  belong, 
ing  to  the   airy  and   giddy  fprites  of  thought ;  fince 
they  blend  their  dyes  round  retirement  in  fo  harmoni 
ous  and  orderly  a  manner.     This  remark,  however, 
may  be  hypercritical. 

The  meaning  which  our  author  intended  to  convey 
was  probably  this  $  at  the  prefence  of  fuch  fcenes  as 
are  defcribed  in  the  beginning  of  the  poem,  the  heart 
is  moved  with  unufual  fenfations  ;  confufed  ideas  arife, 
which  agitate  jthe  mind  ;  and  laftly  the  furrounding 
objects  call  to  remembrance  fome  former  circumftarb- 
ces  connected  with  them,  upon  which  the  mind  repo- 
fes  in  placid  reflection.  The  obfcurity  of  a  paflage 
may  arife  from  the  very  nature  of  its  fubject,  or  from 
ihe  length  and  involution  of  its  periods  j  both  whidj 


LETTLR    FROM  A  IRIEND.  IV 

caufes  of  obfcurity  fhould  in  poetry  be  avoided  as 
much  as  poflible ;  but  if  a  paflage,  -whether  the  ex- 
preffions  be  underftood  in  their  literal  acceptation,  or 
in  the  utmoft  latitude  which  figurative  language  \v ill 
permit,  be  utterly  inexplicable  by  any  other  method 
than  conjecture,  it  certainly  does  not  deferve  the  name 
of  poetry  ;  unlefs,  as  fome  people  imagine,  fenfe  is 
not  a  neceflary  ingredient  in  the  compofitions  of  a  poet. 
As  the  chief  object  in  reviewing  the  above  quotation 
was  to  point  out  its  obfcurity,  many  inferior  criticifms 
have  been  neglected.  We  ought  not  however  to  pafs 
over  without  animadverfion  the  crouds  of  epithets ; 
the  affected  expreiBons,  fuch  as  "To  hymn  its  dirge", 
the  refllefs  glance  which  turns  on  every  fide  "  with 
melancholy  pride,"  and  others  -,  and  the  licentious 
exuberance  of  ornament  with  which  the  paflTage  upon 
which  we  have  been  commenting,  and  all  the  remain 
der  of  the  poem  abound.  But  thefe  are  the  beauties 
which  charm  the  prevailing  tafte,  and  without  which 
a  new  production  is  in  great  hazard  of  meeting  with 
public  difapprobation  or  neglect.  The  above  paflage 
has  been  chofen  as  the  fubject  of  remark,  becaufe  up 
on  it  the  author  appears  to  have  bellowed  the  utmoft 
efforts  of  his  genius.  I  will  clofe  thefe  obfervations 
upon  the  "  Power  of  Solitude,"  by  requefting,  that 
fome  one  of  thofe  v,ho  admire  and  underftand  this 
poem,  will  gratify  the  lefs  difcerning  part  of  die  com- 

B 


XVI  LEITER   FROM    A    FRIEND, 

munity,  with  an  explanation  of  the  fubjoined  " 
cation  to  the  Spirits  of  the  lighter  Gothic  Mythology." 
"  Aerial  JUves,  who  fondly  hovering  round. 
On  filver  fandals  print  hiftoric  ground, 
Who  oft  with  witching  mufic  charmed  his  ears, 
Danced  in  his  fmiles,  and  ambufhed  in  his  tears. 
As  grief  or  joy  their  tints  alternate  fprcad, 
In  floating  vifions  round  your  Darwin's  head ; 
Aerial  Elves,  at  Oberon's  golden  lance, 
"Who  form  in  myftic  ring  the  fairy  dance, 
Or,  carrcd  on  meteors,  thro  the  mazy  night 
In  frolic  circles  wheel  your  amorous  flight, 
O'er  the  foft  lips  of  artlefs  beauty  creep, 
And  paint  ilrange  fancies  on  the  lover's  fleep  ; 
Wind  fweet  your  bugle  horns,  and  fwiftly  call 
Memory's  wild  fpirits  from  the  wizard's  hall, 
Bid  them  the  fcenes  of  ancient  worth  reftore, 
Chant  glory's  deathlefs  deeds  in  epic  lore. 
With  fportive  fingers  trill  the  Jiarp  of  time, 
And  wake  reflection  by  theii  powers  fublime, 
.     Till  raptured  wifdom  hear  the  facred  lay, 
And  own  meek  SOLITUDE'S  impreflive  fway." 
But  light  fugitive  poems  are  those  which  at  present 
er.gage  the  generality  of  readers.     From  the  multi 
tude  of  these  insect  products  of  genius  with  which 
our  prefles  swarm,     I  will  select  one  which  I  believe 
has  excited  more  admiration  than  most  of  the  ephem- 


LETTER  FROM  A  FRIEND.  XV A 

eral  tribe.  It  was  introduced  to  the  public  in  Phila 
delphia,  accompanied  with  the  following  encomiums  •, 
"  The  very  elegant  verses  of  "  Lodinus  "  to  the  fair 
"  invalid,  difplay  the  mofl  foothing  tendernefs,  and  ma- 
"  ny  a  poetical  beauty.  They  are  entitled  to  the  atter.- 
"  tion  not  only  of  the  lady,  who  is  fo  highly  greeted, 
"  but  of  men  of  tafte  and  fenfibility."  Thefe  verfe^ 
were  reprinted  in  New- York,  and  their  praifes  public 
ly  re-echoed.  The  following  are  the  verfes  alluded  to. 
"  On  a  beautiful  young  lady,  whofe  health  was 
impaired  by  the  ague  and  fever. 

"  Dark  minifter  of  many  woes  ! 
That  lov'ft  the  fad  viciditude  of  pain; 
Now  fhiv'ring  mid  antarctic  fnows, 
Now  a  faint  pilgrim  on  Medina's  plain — 
Say  can  no  form,  lefs  fair,  thy  view  engage  ? 
Muft  feeble  lovelinefs  exhauft  thy  rage  ? 
Oh  !   mark  the  fah'ring  ftep  the  languid  eye, 
And  all  the  anguiih  of  her  burning  figh. 
See  the  faintly  ftruggling  fmile  ; 
See  refignation's  tear,  the  while  ! 
So  to  the  axe  the  martyr  bends  his  form  ; 
So  bends  the  lovely  lily  to  the  dorm. 
Still,  though,  fweet  maid !  thy  yielding  bloom  decays, 
And  faint,  the  waning  tide  of  rapture  drays  ; 
Oh  may'ft  thou  fcape  Grief's  more  envenom'd  fmarr, 
Nor  ever  know  the  ague  of  the  heart  i 


XX  LETTER  FROM  A  FRIEND. 

This  "  ague  of  the  heart,"  by  what  follows,  muft 
be  a  diforder  by  which  the  heart  is  apt  to  be  broken  ; 

"  For,  rifmg  from  the  fun-bright  plain, 

The  bended  lily  blooms  again  ; 

But  ah  !  what  life-imparting  power 

Can  'eer  revive  the  broken  flower  ?" 
It  is  common  to  hear  of  warm  hearts,  and  of  cold 
hearts  •,  and  we  have  heard  of  hearts  burft  with  an- 
guifh  ;  but,  I  believe,  it  was  never  before  discovered 
that  a  heart  might  perifh  in  a  fit  of  the  ague  ;  on  the 
contrary,  it  is  ufually  fuppofed  that  thefe  cold  hearts 
are  lead  liable  to  fuffer  violence. 

Such  are  the  productions  which  are  held  up  for  ad 
miration  5  in  which  fcarcely  a  fentence  can  be  found 
which  does  not  contain  an  abfurdity.  But  if  antarctic 
fnows,"  and  "  burning  fighs,"  and  "  ftruggling 
f miles,"  and  "  tides  of  rapture,"  and  "  fun-bright 
plains,"  and  "  life-imparting  powers,"  are  charms 
too  powerful  to  permit  an  ordinary  reader  to  perceive 
the  greateft  defects.  The  metaphyfical  poets,  as  they 
are  called,  who  flouriflied  in  England  at  the  beginning 
of  the  ferenteenth  century,  continually  violated  the 
dictates  of  nature,  and  neglected  the^harmony  of  their 
verification,  in  the  eagernefs  of  their  fearch  after 
flrange  turns  of  thought,  and  fubtle  diftin&ions. 
Thefe  writers,  though  they  could  not  claim  the  merit 
of  foothing  the  ear,  of  pleafmg  the  imagination, 


LETTER  FROM  A  FRIEND! 

or  of  affe&ing  the  heart,  at  lead  exercifed  the  under- 
(landing.  But  the  fafliionable  rhymers  of  the  prefent 
day  in  America,  feem  to  beftow  no  thought  upon 
any  thing  befides  the  mere  drefs  of  their  verfes  ;  if 
they  can  procure  from  the  wardrobe  of  poefy  a  fuffi- 
cient  fupply  of  dazzling  ornaments,  wherewith  to 
deck  their  intellectual  offspring,  they  are  utterly  re- 
gardlefs  whether  the  body  of  fenfe  which  thefe  deco 
rations  arc  properly  defigned  to  render  attractive,  be 
worthy  of  attention  j  or  whether  it  be  mean  and  dif- 
torted,  and  in  ^danger  of  being  overwhelmed  by  the 
profufion  of  its  ornaments.  There  are  fafliionable 
verfes  of  another  kind  which  deferve  notice,  for  faults 
of  greater  importance  than  foppery  of  decoration,  or 
want  of  meaning.  The  verfes  of  this  fpecies  allure, 
not  by  the  gaudinefs,  but  by  the  lafcivioufnefs  of  their 
drefs.  To  the  admirers  and  imitators  of  Moore,  the 
Tranflator  of  Anacreon,  who  treat  fo  contemptuoufly 
all  who  prefume  to  cenfure  their  indelicacy,  I  would 
recommend  the  following  paffage  from  an  ingenious 
writer,  on  the  rife  and  progrefs  of  poetry.*  "  To 
return,  therefore,  to  the  decaying  ftate  of  the  poetic 
and  mufical  arts  in  ancient  Rome  : — As  manners  and 
principles  grew  more  profligate,  along  with  the  inor 
dinate  growing  power  and  luxury  of  the  empire  ;  fo 

*   Dr.  Brwn. 


XXli  LETTER  FROM  A  FRIENttf 

the  genius  of  the  poetic  and  muftcal  arts  kept"pace  witfe 
them.  We  hear  little  of  their  being  applied  to  the 
education  of  ytuth,  in  any  period  of  ancient  Rome. 
On  the  contrary  ;  poemy  which  in  the  days  of  ancient 
Greece  had  been  the  handmaid  of  virtue,  was  now 
declared  to  be  the  bawd  of  licentioufnefs ;  and  to  write 
immodeft  verfes  was  held  a  blamelefs  practice.  Thus 
the  art  funk  fo  low,  that  the  name  of  poet  was  held 
unworthy  a  man  of  age  or  dignity" 

But,  after  all,  it  may  be  faid,  why  think  fo  ferioufly 
of  the  influence  which  nonfenfical  and  immodefl  ver 
fes  may  have  upon  the  community,  while  there  are 
already  fubjects  of  cenfure  fo  much  more  important* 
and  fo  much  farther  extended  than  any  which  can 
ever  be  produced  by  a  depraved  tafte  in  poetry  ?  I 
might  offer  an  abftrufe  argument  to  prove  the  advan 
tages  which  would  perhaps  refult  from  the  prevalence 
of  a  tafte  too  pure  to  bear  poetry,  which  tends,  not  to 
moral,  but  merely  to  intellectual  depravity.  It  might 
be  faid,  that  as  fome  logicians-  imagine  all  truths  ca 
pable  of  being  deduced  by  a  circuitous  operation  from 
any  one  truth,  fo^the  mind  by  acquiring  any  one  vir-< 
fue,  be  it  merely  a  rational  excellence,  becomes  better4 
fitted  to  receive  all  other  virtues.  There  is  however1 
too  much  fubtility  in  fuch  reafoning,  where  .practical 
inferences  are  to  be  deduced.  With  regard  to  the 
moral  impurity  of  the  verfes  in  cjueftion,  their  irr. 


LETTER  FROM  A  FRIEND. 

cliatc  as  well  as  their  remote  effe&s  being  injurious, 
and  the  (mailed  evil  being  capable  of  becoming  great 
in  extent  at  leail,  it  is  manifeft  that  thefe  verfes  are 
not  unworthy  of  animadverfion. 

But  to  fpeak  lefsabftractly,  it  is  certainly  as  reafonable 
for  thofe  who  feel  an  intereft  in  literature,  to  be  de- 
firous  of  the  mental  improvement  of  thtir  countrymen, 
as  it  is  for  the  politician  to  be  proud  of  the  conftitu- 
tion  of  this  country,  and  for  the  merchant  to  exult  in 
her  extenfive  commerce.  And  while  we  are  making 
advances  towards  perfection  in  all  exterior  accomplim- 
ments,  and  encouraging  a  tafle  for  the  fine  arts  ;  we 
fiiould  be  careful  not  to  incur  the  imputation  of  cul- 
t.vating  thefe  external  graces  at  the  expenfe  of  that 
care  which  would  have  been  more  profitably  beftowed 
upon  the  improvement  of  our  intellectual  powers. 

Another  reafon  which  mould  induce  every  true 
lover  of  poetry  to  oppofe  the  prevailing  corruption  of 
tafte,  which,)  from  "what  I  can  learn,  is  continually 
encrcafing,  is  the  contempt  which  fuch  productions 
as  thofe  under  confideration,  eventually  excite  in  the 
minds  of  men  for  the  whole  race  of  poets. 

In  the  early  ages  of  fociety,  the  characters  of  poet 
and  mufician  were  united ;  and  the  bard  enjoyed  hon 
ors  nearly  as  great  as  thofe  conferred  on  the  fupreme 
magiflrate.  In  procefs  of  time,  the  poet  and  the  mu 
fician  became  feparate  characters,  The  mufician  was 


XXVi  LETTER  FROM  A  FRIEKD. 

be  addrefled,  the  feeling  intended  to  be  excited  be  one 
of  which  human  nature  is  fufceptible  j  that  if  an  im 
age  be  prefented  to  the  imagination,  its  form  be  diftin- 
guifhable ;  and  that  if  reafon  be  called  upon,  fome- 
thing  be  exprefled  which  the  mind  can  comprehend. 


THE  THIRD  SATIRE 


OF 

JUVENAL. 


ARGUMENT. 

Umbritius,  an  Arufpex,  and  a  friend  of  our  author, 
difgufted  at  the  prevalence  of  vice,  and  the  total  dif- 
regard  of  needy  and  unafluming  virtue,  is  introduced 
on  the  point  of  quitting  Rome.  The  poet  accompa 
nies  him  fome  little  way  from  the  city,  when  the  hon- 
eft  exile,  no  longer  able  to  fupprefs  his  indignation, 
ftops  fhort,  and  in  a  ftrain  of  animated  invective,  ac 
quaints  him  with  the  caufes  of  his  retirement. 

This  fatire  is  managed  with  wonderful  ingenuity, 
the  way  by  which  Juvenal  conducts  his  friend  out  of 
the  city,  is  calculated  to  raife  a  thoufand  tender  ima 
ges  in  his  mind  •,  and  when  after  lingering  a  moment 
at  the  gate,  Umbritius  ftops  to  look  at  it  for  the  laft 
time,  in  a  fpot  endeared  by  religion,  covered  with 
the  venerable  relics  of  antiquity,  and  in  itfelf  eminently 
beautiful ;  we  are  tempted  to  liften  with  uncommon 
attention  to  the  farewell  of  the  folitary  fugitive. 


ARGUMENT. 

tVhat  he  fays  may  be  arranged  under  the  following 
heads,  that  flattery  and  vice  are  the  only  thriving  arts 
at  Rome  ;  that  in  thefe,  particularly  the  firfl,  foreign 
ers  have  a  manifcft  fuperiority  over  the  natives,  and 
confcquently  engrofs  all  favor  ;  that  the  poor  are  uni- 
verfally  expofod  to  fcorn  and  infult  j  that  the  general 
habits  of  extravagance  render  it  difficult  for  them  to 
fubfift,  and  that  a  crowded  capital  fubjects  them  to 
numberlefs  inconveniences  unknown  in  the  country 
(on  the  tranquility  and  fccurity  of  which  he  feelingly 
dictates)  •,  he  then  adverts  again  to  the  peculiar  fuffer- 
ings  of  the  poorer  citizens,  from  the  want  of  a  well 
regulated  police  ;  thefe  he  illuftratts  by  a  variety  of 
examples,  and  concludes  in  a  ftriin  of  pathos  and 
beauty,  which  winds  up  the  whole  with  fingular 

effect. 

Glford. 


D.  J.  JUVENALIS 

BATTRA  III.  v.  1—8. 

QUAMVIS  digrefiu  veteris  confufus  amici> 
Laudo  tamen  vacuis  quod  fedem  figere  Cumis 
Deflinet,  atque  unum  civem  donare  Sibyllse. 
Janua  Baiarum  eft,  et  gratum  littus,  amami 
Seceffus  :  ego  vel  Prochytam  prsepono  Saburrse. 
Nam  quid  tarn  miferum,  et  tarn  folunt  vidimus,  ut  non 
Detenus  credas  horrere  incendia,  lapfus 
Tectorum  afliduos,  ac  mille  pericula  fsevae 


THE  THIRD  SATIRE 
OF  JUVENAL,     v.  1—12. 

THO'  griev'd  to  lofe  my  firm  and  ancient  friend, 
I  praife  his  purpofe  and  his  choice  commend, 
At  lonely  Cum:r,  fix'd  to  place  his  feat, 
And  with  one  citizen  the  Sybil  greet.* 
To  Baia;  Curmc  leads  ;  her  flighted  coaffc 
Of  many  a  f\veet  and  cool  recefs  can  boaft  ; 
Tho',  fooner  would  I  make  fome  rock  my  home, 
Than  dwell  amidft  the  crowds  and  noifc  of  Rome. 
Can  gloom  or  defert  more  alarm  the  mind, 
Than  all  the  terrors  of  the  town  combin'd  ? 
When  flames  wide-wafting  burft  and  blaze  around, 
And  houfes,  ceafclefs  falling,  (hake  the  ground  ? 


*  There  was  a  temple  at  Cumsy  dedicated  to  the  Sybil. 
C    2 


D.    J.    JUVENALIS    SATYRA    III.       V.    9 — 20. 


Urbis,  et  Augufto  recitanteis  menfe  poetas  ? 
Sed  dum  tota  domus  rheda  componitur  una, 
Subflitit  ad  veteres  arcus,  madidamque  Capenanv 
Hie,  ubi  nocturnae  Numa  conftituebat  amicae. 
Nunc  facri  fontis  nemus,  et  delubra  locantur 
Judaeis,  quorura  cophinus  faenumque  fuppellex* 
Omnis  enim  populo  mercedem  pendere  jufla  eft 
Arbor,  et  ejectis  mendicat  fylva  Camaenis.. 
In  vallem  Egeriae  defcendimus,  et  fpeluncas 
Diffimiles  veris  ;  quanto  praeftantius  eflet 
Numen  aquae,  viridi  fi  margine  clauderet  undas 
Herba^  nee  ingenuum  violai»ent  inarmora  toplium  ?. 


THIRD    SATIRE    OF    JUVENAL.       V.    13~28. 

And,  while  the  dog-ftar  glows  with  baleful  light, 

Where  raving  poets  feize  you  and  recite  ? 

Now  ftopt  my  friend,  when  juft  without  the  wall, 

To  wait  the  cart  that  brought  his  little  all, 

Where  ancient  trees  diffufe  a  facred  fhade, 

And  Numa  nightly  met  th'  Egerian  maid  ; 

But  now  a  miferable  wand'ring  train 

PofTefs  the  fount,  and  confecrated  fane  ; 

And  fince  the  grove  is  let  to  fordid  hire, 

The  mufes  all  indignantly  retire. 

Next,  to  Egeria's  vale  we  flow  defcend, 

And  mark  the  grots  which  art  has  drove  to  mend  ;. 

How  vain  her  efforts—  fure  the  nymph  would  feem 

Far,  far  more  prefcnt,  if  her  gurgling  dream 

The  frefh  and  verdant  turf  confin'd  alone, 

Nor  marble  dar'd  pollute  the  native  (lone.. 


D.  J»  JUVENAUS    SATYRA  III.       V.  21 — -29, 


Hie  tune  Umbricius  quando  artibus  inqult  honeftis 
Nullus  in  urbe  locus,  nulla  emolumenta  laborum, 
Res  hodie  minor  eft  here  quam  fuit,  atque  eadem  eras 
Deteret  exiguis  aliquid ;  proponimus  illuc 
Ire,  fatigatas  ubi  Daedalus  exuit  alas ; 
Dum  nova  canities,  dum  prima,  et  recta  fenectus> 
Dum  fupereft  Lachefi  quod  torqueat,  et  pedibus  me 
Porto  meis,  nullo  dextram  subeunte  bacillo. 
Cedamus  patria ;  vivant  Arturius-  iftic       ^ 


THIRD   SATIRE    OF   JUVENAL.       V.    29 — 44. 

Umbritius  then  (while  forrow  fwell'd  my  bread) 
His  rage  and  grief  in  manly  drain  expreft — 
Since  then  my  friend  within  this  city's  bound, 
No  room  for  honorable  arts  is  found  ; 
Since  dill  I  labour  on  without  reward, 
And  none  my  merits  or  my  toil  regard  •, 
Whilft  all  my  pittance  gradual  melts  away, 
Tomorrow  lefs'ning  what  remains  today  ; 
From  vice  and  Rome  I  fly  to  that  lone  fliore, 
Where  wearied  D^dalus  his  flight  gave  o'et. 
While  age  not  yet  has  filver'd  o'er  my  head, 
Not  yet  all  traces  of  my  youth  are  fled  •, 
While  health  and  vigour  dill  my  veins  fupply, 
And  on  no  daff  my  dcady  deps  rely  ; 
Farewell  to  Rome — let  thofe  at  Rome  remain, 
That  vile,  deceitful,  mercenary  train 


10  D.   J.   J-UVENALIS  SATYRA   III.      V.    SO — 40. 


Et  Catulus  :  maneant  qui  nigrum  in  Candida  vertuntj 
Oueis  facile  eil  redem  conducere  flumina,  portus, 
Siccandam  eluviem,  portandum  ad  bufta  cadaver* 
Et  prabere  caput  domina  venale  fub  hafta. 
Quondam  hi  cornicines>  et  municipalis  arenae 
Perpetui  comites,  notaeque  per  opplila  buccae, 
Mimera  nunc  edunt,  et  verfo  pollice  vulgi 
Quemlibet  occidunt  populariter  :  inde  reverfi 
Conducunt  foricas  :  et  cur  non  omnia  ?  cum  fint 
.  '  Ouales  ex  humili  magna  ad  faftigia  rerum 

Extollit,  quoties  voluit  fortuna,  jocari. 


THIRD  SATIRE  OF   JUVENAL.     V.    45 — 60.  11 

Who  praife  or  flander,  flatter  or  attack, 
And  change  the  black  to  white,  the  white  to  black, 
With  equal  eafe — Arturius  thou  remain  ; 
And  ye  who  bear  the  dead,  the  kennels  drain, 
Farm  rivers,  ports,  build  temples,  auctions  hold, 
Fame,  honor,  confcience,  throw  away  for  gold. 
Thefe  once  were  trumpeters,  and  gain'd  renown 
For  ftrength  of  lungs,    thro'  ev'ry  county  town — 
But  now  grown  rich,  die  populace  they  court 
By  giving  {hews,  and  murd'ring  men  for  fport ; 
From  thefe  returned,  again  their  av'rice  wakes, 
Again  the  kennel  drains,  or  farms  again  the  jakes. 
"  *  And  why  not  every  thing  ?  fmce  thefe  are  they", 
Whom  fortune  vifits  with  her  brightefl  ray  5 
Are  fuch,  as  in  her  wild  and  fportive  mood, 
She  joys  to  raife  above  the  wife  and  good. 

*Gifford. 


12          D.  J.  JU-VENALIS  SATYRA  111.      V,    41—48, 


Quid  Romae  faciam  ?  mentiri  nefcio  :  librum 
Si  malus  eft  nequeo  laudare,  et  pofcere  :   motu« 
Aftrorum  ignore  :  funus  promitere  patris 
Nee  volo,  nee  pofluni :  ranarum  viscera  nunquam 
Infpexi :  ferre  ad  nuptam  quae  mittit  adulter, 
Quae  mandat,  norunt  alii :  me  nemo  miniftro 
Fur  erit,  atque  ideo  nulli  comes  exeo,  tanquam 
Mancus,  et  extinctae  corpus  non  utile  dextrae. 


THIRD    SATIRE    OF    JUVENAL.       V.    61 78.  It 

What  fliould  I  do  at  Rome  ?  I  cannot  lie, 
Nor  laugh  with  folly,  nor  with  vice  comply  ; 
I  cannot,  if  a  book  be  bad,  admire, 
And,  while  I  nod,  extol  the  poet's  fire ; 
I  ne'er  have  learnt  the  virtues  of  the  toad  ; 
Nor  know  I  what  the  rolling  ftars  forbode  j 
Tho'  others  may,  I  neither  can  nor  will 
Predict  a  father's  death,  nor  boaft  the  (kill, 
Th'  adult'rers  notes  or  prefents  to  convey, 
*«*  And  bribe  a  matron's  innocence  away.** 
(And  tho'  the  world  may  deem  my  fcruples  vain,) 
No  thief  thro*  me  flagitious  wealth  mall  gain  ; 
And  hence  I  pafs  my  life  in  friendlefs  gloom, 
And  walk  unmark'd  the  crowded  ftreets  of  Rome ; 
But  whilft  the  great  my  zeal  and  fervice  (corn, 
What  virtues,  say,  the  chofen  friend  adorn, 
To  whom  they  dare  the  (ecret  foul  reveal  ? 
The  holy  league,  by  mutual  guilt,  they  feal ; 


«  *And  bribe  a  virgin's  innocence  away". 
D 


14  D.    J.    JUVENALIS   SATYRA    III.      V.    49 — 60. 


Quis  mine  diligitur  nisi  confcius,  etcui  fervens 

jEftuat  occultis  animus,  femperque  tacendis  ? 

Nil  tibi  fe  debere  putat,  nil  conferet  unquam, 

Participem  qui  te  fecreti  fecit  honefti. 

Carus  erit  Verri,  qui  Verrem  tempore,  quo  vult, 

Accufare  poteft  :'  tanti  tibi  non  fit  opaci 

Omnis  arena  Tagi,  quodque  in  mare  volvitur  aurum, 

TJt  fomno  careas,  ponendaque  pr^emia  fumas 

Triftis,  et  a  m?gno  Temper  timearis  amico, 

Quir  nunc  divltibus  gens  acceptifiima  noflris, 

Et  quos  pruecipue  fugiam,  properabo  fateri, 

Nee  pudor  obftabit.     Non  poilum  ferre  Quirites, 


THIRD    SATIRE    OF    JUVENAL.       V.     79 9k  15 

lie  (hares  the  heart,  in  thefe  polluted  times, 
Whofe  confcience  pants,  with  fecret,  namelefs,  crimes. 
He  owes  you  nothing,  nor  will  e'er  bcftow 
"Who  trufts  a  fecret  'tis  no  crime  to  know. 
Him,  who  arraigns,  when  Verres  felf  thinks  fit, 
Will  grateful  Verres  to  his  heart  admit. 
Not  all  the  gold,  that  reds  on  Tagus'  fliores, 
Not  all  the  gold,  his  dream  in  Ocean  pours, 
Should  tempt  thee  to  forego  thy  nightly  reft, 
(That  boon  unvalued  of  the  guiklefs  breafl) 
And,  whilftthy  patron  fears  thce,  truft  thy  Lte 
To  that  feign' d  love,  which  foon  muft  change  to  hate. 
Mark  now  the  wretches  by  the  rich  careft, 
And  whom,  I  freely  own,  I  chief  dctefl  ; 
I  cannot  bear  (ye  nobles  fpare  the  frown) 
Rome  chang'd  and  funk  into  a  Grecian  town  ^ 


16  D.   J.    JUVENALIS   SATYRA    111.      V.    61—74. 


Grxcam  urbem,  quamvis  quota  portio  facis  Achaese  ? 
Jam  pridem  Syrus  in  Tiberim  defluxit  Orontes, 
Et  linguam,  et  mores  et  cum  tibicine   chordas 
Obliquas,  nee  non  gentilia  tympana  fecum 
Vexit,  et  ad  Circum  juffas  proftare  puellas. 
Ite,  quibus  grata  eft  picta  lupa  barbara  mitraf 
Rufticus  ille  tuus  fumit  trechedipna,  Quirine, 
Et  ceromatico  fert  niceteria  collo. 
Hie  alta  Sicyone,  aft  hie  Amydone  relicta, 
Hie  Andro,  illeSamo,  hie  Trallibus,  aut  Alabandis. 
Efquilias,  dictumque  petunt  a  vimine  collem, 
Vifcera  magnarum  domuum,  dominique  futuri. 
Irigenium  velox,  audacia  perdita,  fermo 
Promptus,  et  Ifaeo  torrentior  :  ede  quid  ilium 


THIRD    SATIRE    OF     JUVENAL.       V.     95-110  17 

Yet  fmall  the  portion  is  by  Greece  fupplied  : 

Orontes  pours  his  vail  and  black'ning  tide, 

And  whelms  the  Tiber,  with  his  foreign  waves  : 

His  language,  manners,  minftrels,  Itrumpets,   flaves 

He  bears  along.     O  Romulus  behold  -y 

See  foreign  robes  thy  ruflic  now  infold  ; 

See  !  on  his  naked  neck,  which  oil  befmears 

The  Circus  prize,  he  now  exulting  wears. 

From  every  Grecian  town  and  Grecian  more 

In  countlefs  fwarms,  the  famifli'd  natives  pour  ; 

Rome,  Rome,  is  fought  by  all  the  mingled  band, 

Who  thick  as  locufts  overfpread  the  land  ; 

Quick  into  palaces  they  work  their  way, 

The  minions  firft,  where  foon  as  lords  they  fway, 

Prompt,  fluent,  artful,  treacherous  and  bold, 

*  No  dangers  daunt  thorn  and  no  ties  can  hold, 


*  No  dangers  daunt  him,  and  no  L: 

JOHNSON'  >fHu.  wifhcs. 

D  -' 


18  D.   J,   JUVENALIS   SATYRA    III.      V.    75—84-. 


EfTe  putes  ?  quemvls  hominem  fecum  attulit  ad  nos, 
Grammaticus,  rhetor,  geometres,  pictor,  aliptes, 
Augur,  fchaenobates,  medicus,  magus ;  omnia  novit : 
Gr^culus  efuriens,  in  cselum,  jufleris,  ibit. 
Ad  fummam,  non  Maurus  erat,  nee  Sarmata,  nee  Thrax, 
Qui  fumpfit  pennas,  mediis  fed  natus  Athenis. 
Horum  ego  non  fugiam  conchilia  ?  me  prior  ille 
Signabit,  fultus  thoro  meliore  recumbet, 
Advectus  Romam,  quo  pruna  et  coctona,  vento  ? 
Ufque  adeo  m'hil  eft,  quod  noftra  infantia  cselum 


THIRD    SATIRE  OF    JUVENAL.       V.   1  1  1-126.  19 

You  fee  this  Greek  ;  fpeak,  what  (hall  he  become  ? 
Whoe'er  you  pleafe,  is  brought  in  him  to  Rome  ; 
Grammarian,  Rhetor,  Painter  or  Phyfician, 
Carver,  Cook,  Aftronomer,  Magician, 
Hunger  all  arts  and  fcicnces  beflows, 
"  *And  bid  him  go  to  heav'n,  to  heav'n  he  goes  !  " 
Nor  Moor,  nor  Gaul,  nor  Thracian  was  the  wight, 
Who  thro*  the  fkies  purfued  his  daring  flight. 
A  Greek  he  was,  in  midft  of  Athens  born. 
What  (hall  I  bear  their  ftate  ?  my  honed  fcorn 
Mufl  I  fubciue  ?  (hall  they  who  hither  came 
With  prunes  and  rotten  figs,  now  boaft  their  claim 
To  fign  before  me  ;  at  the  feftive  board 
Ufurp  the  couch  that's  neareft  to  the  lord  ? 
And  is  it  nothing,  that  my  infant  eye 
Firft  ope'd  its  lids  upon  a  Roman  Iky  ? 


*   Drrfen. 


20  D.    J.    JUVENAtlS    SATYRA     HIf      V.    85-97, 


Haufit  Aventini,  baccu  nutrita  Sabina  ?'' 
Quid,  quod  adulandi  gens  prudentiflima  laudat. 
Sermonem  indocti,  faciem  deformis  amici, 
Et  longum  invalidi  collum    cervicibus  cequat 
Herculis,  Antcx;um  procul  a  telluro  tenentis  ?' 
Miratur  vocem  augultain,  qua  deterius  nee. 
Ille  fonat,  quo  mordetur  gallina  marito. 
Hue  eadem  licet  et  nobis  laudare  :  fed  illis 
Creditur  :  an  melior  cum  Thaida  fuftinet,  aut  cum- 
Uxorem  comtcdus  agit,  vel  Dorida  nullo 
Cultam  paliiolo  ?  ir»ulier  neinpe  ipfa  videtur, 
Non  perfona  loqui :  vacua  et  plana  omnia  dicas 
Infra  ventriculum,  et  tenui  diftantia  rima; 


THIRD    SATIRE   OF  JUVENAL.       V.    127-118.  21 

And  nothing,  that  beneath  the  Sabine  (hade, 
My  childhood  flouriuYd  and  exulting  play'd  ? 
Profoundly  fkill'd  in  flattery's  potent  art, 
By  well  turn'd  praife,  they  gain  and  keep  the  heart  : 
Extol  the  learning  of  the  unlearn'd  friend  ; 
The  beauties  of  the  gorgon  face  co.mncnd  ; 
The  narrow  neck  and  cheft,  unbluftiing  dare, 
To  all  the  ftveugth  of  Hercules  coirpare  ; 
And  at  the  fqueaking  voice  enraptur'd  feem, 
Whofe  piercing  tones  furpafs  the  peacock's  fcreanu 
We  too  can  flatter  :    True  ;  but  who  believes  ? 
\Vhat  fcol  fo  ftupid,  that  our  praife  deceives  ? 
AVIiilil  they,  with  cafe,  aiTume  each  various  psr  t, 
And,  *11  diey  fay,  fccms  infhnt  from  die  heart. 
The  wife,  the  miftrefs  or  the  undrefs'd  fair,. 
Behold  they  pcifonate  ;  cleceiv'd  you  fwear    v 
No  actcr,  but  the  woman's  fclf  is  there.       * 


22  D.    J.    JUVENALIS    SATYRA    III.      V»  98-111. 


Nec  tanien  Antiochus,  nee  erit  mirabilis  iflic 
Aut  Strafocles,  nut  cum  molli  Demeirius  Ho:  mo. 
Natio  comoeda  eft  :  rides  ?  majore  cachinno 
Concutitur  :  flet,  fi  lacrymas  adfpexit  amici. 
Nec  dolet :  igniculum  brumac  fi  tempore  pofcas, 
Accipit  endromidem :  fi  dixeris,  afluo^  fudat. 
Non  fumus  ergo  pares  :  melior  qui  Temper  et  omni 
Nocte  dieque  poteit  alienum  fumere  vultum  *, 
A  facie  jactare  manus,  laudare  paratus, 
Si  bene  ructavit  fi  rectum  minxit   amicus  : 
Si  trulla  inverfo  crepitum  dedit  aurea  fundo. 
Pr&terea  fanctum  nihil  eft,  et  ab  inguine  tutum  : 
Non  matrona  Laris,  non  filia  vif go,  neque  ipfe 
Sponfus  levis  adhuc,  non  filius  ante  pudicus. 


THIRD  SATIRE   OF  JUVENAL.      V.    114-159.  '23 

Yet  here  no  mimes  of  note  your    \vonder  raife, 
And  not  a  Greek  but  equal  art  difplays. 
The  patron  laughs — a  louder  laugh  replies  : 
He  weeps — a  torrent  rufhes  from  their  eyes : 
Complains  of  heat — they  fweat — demands  a  fire, 
They  fhiver,  and  their  fliaggy  cloaks  require. 
We  quit  the  field  :  fuperior  thefe  we  own, 
Whofe  hearts  can  never,  by  the  face,  be  known, 
Which  fhifts  at  will,  its  well  affum'd  difguife, 
And  dill  to  fuit  another's  vifage,   lief. 
With  thefe,  we  own,  t'were  madnefs  to  contend, 
Who  praife  the  coughing,  or  the  belching  friend, 
At  Folly's  whims,  their  hands  applauding  raife, 
Or  on  the  freaks  of  Vice,  with  tranfport  gaze. 
Add,  none  are  fafe  from  their  infatiate  luft, 
Nor  wife,  nor  fon,  nor  daughter  can  you  truft ; 


24?        D.  j.  JUV&NALIS  SATYRA  in,    v.  112-123, 


Horum  fi  nihil  eft,  aviam  refupinat  amici. 
Scire  volunt  fecreta  domus,  atque  inde  timeri. 
Et  quoniam  coepit  Gr^corum    mcntio,  tranfi 
Gymnafia,  atque  audi  facinus  majoris  aboil  je, 
Stoicus  occidit  Baream,  delator  amicura, 
.Difcipu  lumque  fenex,  ripa  nutritus  in  ilia, 
Ad  quam  Gorgonei  delapfa  eft  pinna  caballi. 
Non  eft  Romano  cuiquam  locus  hie,  ubi  regnat 
Protogenes  aliquis,  vel  Diphilus,  aut  Erimrmthus  : 
Qui  gentis  vitio  nunquam  partitur  amicum, 
Solus  habet :  nam,  cum  facilem  ftillavit  in  aurem 
Exiguum  de  naturse  patriorque  veneno, 


THIRD   SAT1RR  OF   JUVENAL.      V.  160-175.  'J.5 

None,  none  are  facred  ;  and  if  these  mould  lack, 
Your  grandame's  felf  undaunted  they  attack — 
Your  fecrets  next,  with  filent  art,  explore, 
And  foon  are  fear'd,  altho'  defpifed  before. 
And  fince  of  Greeks  we  fpeak;  next  view  their  fchools; 
Thence  virtue  iflues  arm'd  with  all  her  rules — 
Yon  Stoic  mark,  in  coarfeft  garb  array'd  ; 
His  deareft  friend  that  hoary  wretch  bi  tray'd 
And  flew — a  Greek,  tranfport  d  from  that  fhore, 
Wien  the  wing'd  hack  a  pinion  dropt  of  yore- 
No  place  for  Romans  here,  where  Grecian  i  fway, 
And  drive  the  Patron's  ancient  friends  away  ; 
And  bear  no  rivals  near  their  jealous  throne, 
But  claim  and  govern  all  the  friend  alone. 
Their  pois'nous  hints  into  his  ear  they  pour, 
And  lo,  I'm  fpurn'd  with  infult  from  the  door ; 


26  D.  J.  JUVENALIS    SATYRA    III.      V.    124-134, 


Limine  fummoveor  :  perierunt  tempora  long! 
Servitii :  nufquam  minor  eft  jactura  clientis. 
Quod  porro  officium  (ne  nobis  blandiar)  aut  quod 
Pauperis  hie  meritum  :  fi  curet  nocte  togatus 
Currere,  cum  praetor  lictorem  impellat,  et  ire 
Preecipitem  jubeat  dudum  vigilantibus  orbis, 
Ne  prior  Albinam,  aut  Modiam,  collega  falutet  ? 
Divitis  hie  fervi  cludit  latus  ingenuorum 
Filius  :  alter  enim,  quantum  in  legione  tribuni 
Accipiunt,  donat  Calving,  vel  Catienue, 
Ut  femel  atque  iterum  jfuper  illam  palpitet :  at  tu, 


THIRD  SATYRE  OF  JUVENAL.   V.  176-19:.     27 

My  tedious  flav'ry  left  without  reward, 

Since  none  a  clients  trifling  lofs  regard. 

Trifling  indeed  ;  for  why  the  truth  deny  ? 

What  merits  have  we  that  we  rate  fo  high  ? 

Scarce  rous'd,  you  feize  your  cloak  before  the  dawn, 

But  find  your  patron  is  already  gone. 

Long  fmce  awake,  the  childlefs  matrons  wait 

The  venal  tribe,  who  crowd  their  early  ftate. 

The  pro.  tor  hurries  on,  in  anxious  fpeed, 

And  bids  his  guards  with  brifkcr  pace  proceed  : 

Hafte  left  my  colleague  gain  the  firft  falute  ; 

And  they  my  flownefs  to  neglect  impute — 

Mark  the  rich  flave  with  nobles  in  his  train  5 

Why  they  fo  humble,  or  why  he  fo  vain  ? 

The  lavifli  flave,  undoubting,  throws  away 

For  one  embrace,  a  tribune's  ample  pay  i 


28  D.  J.  JUVENALI*  SATYRA    III.      Y.    135-1*6. 


Cum  tibi  veftiti  facies  fcorti  placet,  hoeres, 
Et  dubitas  alta  Chionem  deduceie  fell£ 
Da  teftem  Romae  tarn  fanctum,  quam  fuit  hofpes 
Numinis  Idiei :  procedat  vel  Numa,  vel  qui 
Servavit  trepidam  flagrant!  ex  aede  Minervam  : 
Protinus  ad  cenfum,  de  moribus  ultima  fiet 
Quijeftio  :  quot  pafcit  fervos,  quot  poflidet  agri 
Jugera,  quam  multa  magnaque  paropfide  ccenat- 
Quantum  quifque  fua  nummorum  fervat  in  area, 
Tantum  habet  et  fidei.     Jures  licet  et  Samothracum, 
Et  noftrorum  aras ;  contemnere  fulmina  pauper 
Creditur  atque  decs,  dis  ignofcentibus  ipfis. 


YHIRD    SATIRE   OF    JUVENAL.       V.    192-207  29 

Whilft  they,  confounded  by  the  price,  retreat ; 

Nor  dare  to  hand  the  wanton  from  her  feat — 

Pure  in  his  thoughts,  unblemim'd  in  his  life, 

Your  witnefs  comes — his  voice  muft  end  the  ftrife  •, 

Nor  Numa's  felf  more  holy,  not  the  hoft 

Of  Cybele  could  brighter  virtue  boafl ; 

Nor  he  who  rufh'd  intrepid  through  the  fire, 

And  fav'd  Minerva's  felf  ;  what  more  require  ? 

What's  his  eftate,  the  judges    firft  demand  j 

Say,  what  his  flaves,  his  equipage,  his  land  ? 

If  rich,  believe  him  ;  but  if  poor,  he  lies  ; 

The  wrath  of  heav'n,  we  know,  the  poor  defpife. 

What  tho'  he  dare  the  angry  bolts  of  Jove, 

And  all  the  gods  atteft,  his  words  to  prove  ? 

Heed,  heed  him  not,  they  cry,  die  wretch  muft  live. 

And  e'en  the  gods  his  perjuries  forgive— 
E  2 


SO  D.  J.  JUVENALIS   SATYRA    III.      V.    14?7-157. 


Quid,  quod  materiam  prxbet  caufasque  jocorum 

Omnibus  hie  idem  ?  fi  fceda  ac  fcifla  lacerna, 

Si  toga  fordidula,  et  rupta  calceus  alter 

Pelle  patet :  vel  fi,  confute  vulnere,  craflum 

Atque  receus  linum  oftendit  non  una  cicatrix. 

Nil  habit  infelix  paupertas  durius  in  fe, 

Quam  quod  ridicules  homines  facit.     Exe.it,  inquit, 

Si  pudor  eft,  et  de  pulvino  furgat  equeftri, 

Cujus  res  legi  non  fufficit,  et  fedeant  hie 

Lenonum  pueri  quocunque  in  fornice  natl. 

Hie  plaudat  nitidi  pr«3econis  filius,  inter 


THIRD    SATIRE  OP   JUVENAL.       V.  208-223.  81 

Add,  that  the  poor  continual  taunts  provoke ; 

No  fool  fo  dull,   but  points  at  them  his  joke. 

If  foil'd  the  garment,  or  if  fomewhat  worn, 

Or  aukward  patches  fhow  where  lately  torn, 

Or  thro'  the  op'ning  fhoe  the  foot  appear, 

They  gather  round,  and  circulate  the  fneer. 

O  poverty  !  of  all  thy  num'rous  ills, 

This  chief  the  foul  with  bitter  anguifh  fills  -y 

Contempt  muft  flill,  with  flruggling  heart,  be  borne, 

And  laughing  fools,  with  fafety,  fhow  their  fconi. 

Quit,  quit  thofe  benches,  angry  Lcctius  cries, 

Thofe  benches  are  the  Knights',  nay,  quick  arife. 

Tis  well,  I  yield,  with  rev'rence,  I  retreat, 

That  pander's  fons  may  hold  the  vacant  feat, 

No  matter  from  what  flews  firft  fpawn'd  abroad ; 

Here  let  the  wealthy  crier's  heir  applaud. 


32          D.  J»  JUVENALIS  SATYRA  III.      V.    158-165, 


Pinnirapi  cultos  juvenes,  juvenefque 
Sic  libitum  vano,  qui  nos  diftinxit,  Othoni. 
Quis  gener  hie  placuit  cenfu  minor,  atque  puellae 
Sarcinulis  impar  ?  quis  pauper  fcribitur  hrcres  ? 
Quando  in  concilio  eft  ndilibus  ?  agmine  facto 
Debuerant  olim  tenues  migrafie  Quirites. 
Haud  facile  emergunt,  quorum  virtutibus  obftat 
Res  angufta  domi.  Sed  Romse  durior  Ulis 


THIRD  SATIRE   OF  JUVENAL.      V.    224-239.  33 

Let  fencers  here,  and  eflenc'd  beaux  be  plac'd  j 

Fit  arbiters  to  rule  the  public  taflc  ! 

Tis  thus  vain  Oiho's  pleafure  is  obcy'd, 

Whole  wifdom  firft,  the  juft  diftinction  made — 

Who  e'er  his  daughter  to  a  poor  man  gave, 

Tho'  wife,  accomplifli'd,  honeft,  learn'd,  and  brave  ? 

When  v/crc  the  poor  e'er  mention'd  in  a  will, 

Or  call'd  to  aid  the  ^Edile  with  their  fkill  ? 

Long  fmce,  fhonld  they  have  fought  fome  diftant  more, 

And  borne  thefe  infults  and  tliis  fcorn  no  more. 
7 

*Throughout  the  world  the  mournful  truth's  confeft  j 

Virtue,  by  poverty's  thick  gloom  opprefl, 

Hardly  breaks  forth  into  her  native  day  ; 

Bat  here,  more  darkling  still,  (lie  gropes  her  way. 

Life's  nece  Jary  means  here  all  are  high, 

The  ftricteft  care  will  fcarce  the  charge  fupply. 

*  The  mournful  truth  is  every  •where  confefl. 

JOHNSON. 


34»  D.   J.  JUVENALIS  SATYRA  III.      V.    166-178. 


Conatus  :  magno  hofpitium  miferabile  5  magno 
Servorum  ventres  ;  et  frugi  coenula  magno. 
Fictilibus  ccenare  pudet,  quod  turpe  negarit 
Tranflatus  fubito  ad  Marfos  menfamque  Sabellam, 
Contentufque  illic  Veneto  duroque  cucullo. 
Pars  magna  Italbe  eft,  fi  verum  ad  mittimus,  in  qua 
Nemo  togam  fumit,  ni^i  mortuus :  ipfa  dierum 
Feftorum  herbofo  colitur  (1  quando  theatro 
Majeftas,  tandemque  redit  ad  pulpita  notum 
Exodium,  cum  peribnse  pallentis  hiatum 
In  gremio  matris  formidat  rufticus  infans  ; 
^Equales  habitus  illic,  fimilefque  videbis 
Orcheftram  et  populum :  clari  velamen  honoris, 


THIRD  SATIRE  OF  JUVENAL.      V.  24-0 — 255.  65 

A  frugal  flipper,  wretched  lodgings  hire, 
And  fervants1  board,  enormous  fums  require. 
Here  earthen-ware    we  fcorn,  but  change  the  place, 
And  at  the  Sabine  board,  'tis  no  difgrace  ; 
What  e'er  the  difli,  we  relifli  well  the  fare, 
And  coarfeft  hoods,  without  a  fcruple,  wear. 
Great  part  of  Italy  (the  truth  confefs) 
Gives  only  to  the  dead  the  Roman  drefs, 
The  fplendid  gown — nay  e'en  on  feftal  days, 
When  theatres  of  turf  again  they  raife  ; 
When  the  known  farce  again  the  ruftics  choofe, 
That  flill  their  laughter,  and  loud  mirth  renews  ; 
While  clings  the  infant  to  his  mother's  fide, 
Scar'd  at  the  maflc  that  opes  the  mouth  fo  wide  ; 
E'en  then  both  rich  and  poor  are  cloth'd  alike  ; 
Save  that,  the  crowd  with  proper  awe  to  ftrike, 


36  D.  J.  JUVENALIS   SATYRA  III.      V.     179-189. 


Sufficiunt  tunicoo  fummis  aedilibus  albse. 

Hie  ultra  vires  habitus  nitor  ;  hie  aliquid  plus, 

Quam  fatis  eft  :  interdum  aliena  fumitur  area. 
Commune  id  vitium  eft  :  hie  vivimus  ambitiofa 
Paupertate  omnes  :  quid  te  moror  ?  Omnia  Romse 
Cum  pretio  :  quid  das,  ut  Coflum  aliquando  falutes  ? 
tit  te  refpiciat  claufo  Veiento  labello  ? 
Ille  metit  barbam,  crinem  hie  deponit  amati : 
P  ena  domus  Hbis  venalibus  :  accipe,  et  iftud 
Fermentuin  tibi  habe  :  pr.^ftare  tributa  clientes 

Cogimur,  et  cultis  augere  peculia  fervis. 


THIRD    SATIRE  OF   JUVENAL.       V.    257-272. 

And  prove  their  rank,  the  yEcliles  drefs  in  white. 
Bat  here  one  glare  of  fplendor  meets  the  fight  ; 

Splendor  that  few  fupport ;  but  if  oppred, 
"We  plunge  our  hands  into  a  neighbors  cheft. 
This,  this,  the  common  vice  we  juftly  call, 
Ambitious  poverty  deftroys  us  all. 
But  why  detain  you  ?  All  at  Rome  is  bought, 
And  all  we  feek,  mud  with  a  bribe  be  fought. 
A  paflfmg  nod  (hall  haughty  CofTus  deign  ? 
Produce  the  bribe,  or  not  a  (mile  you  gain; 
The  blacked  crimes  Veiento  dares  impute, 
But  mew  the  bribe,  and  lo,  the  wretch  is  mute. 
This  minion  (haves  his  beard,  this  lops  his  hair, 
The  clients  run,  and  all  their  prefcnts  bear. 
Tis  thus  the  fav'rite  fwells  his  growing  ftore 

Receiving  dill,  and  aflcing  dill  for  more— 

F 


38  D.  J.  JUVENALIS   SATYRA    III.      V.    190-197. 


Ouis  timer,  aut  timuit  gelida  Proenefte  ruinam, 
Aut  pofitis  nemorofa  inter  juga  Volfiniis,  aut 
Simplicibus  Gabiis,  aut  proni  Tiburis  arce  ? 
Nos  urbem  colimus  tenui  tibicine  fultam 
Magna  parte  fui :  nam  fie  labentibus  obftat 
Vilicus,  et  veteris  rimae  contexit  hiatum  ; 
Secures  pendente  jubet  dormire  ruina 
Vivendum  eft  illic,  ubi  nulla  incendia,  nulli 


THIRD  SATIRE  OF   JUVENAL.       Y.    273-288.  39 

For  fince  thefe  flaves  alone,  the  patron  fway, 

This  is  a  tax  we  all  are  forc'd  to  pay. 

Left  fome  old  building  by  a  fudden  fall 

Should  crufh  his  frame,  beneath  the  pond'rous  wall, 

What  peafant  fears  at  Tiber's  lofty  feat, 

At  Gubii  or  Pnrnefte's  cool  retreat  ? 

But  'midft  continual  dread,  we  dill  remain, 

Where  feeble  props  the  trembling  vaults  fuflain. 

For  thus,  fo  wife,  fo  provident  their  care, 

The  finking  walls  our  mafter-ftewards  repair  ; 

Then  bid  us  reft  and  all  our  terrors  end, 

Whilft  death  and  ruin  o'ei  our  heads  impend. 

Quick,  let  us  feek,  my  friend  fomc  quiet  (hade, 

Where  no  rude  fears  the  midnight  coucli  invade. 

4 

No  terrors  hover  round  the  throbbing  head, 
And  drive  you  trembling  from  a  refUefs  bed  \ 


40  D.  J.  JUVENALIS  SATYRA   III.      V,    198-209. 


Nocte  metus.  Jam  pofcit  aquam,  jam  frivola  transfer!, 
Ucalegon  :  tabulata  tibi  jam  tertia  fumant : 
Tu  nefcis  :  nam  fi  gradibus  trepidatur  ab  imis, 
Ultimus  ardebit,  quem  tegula  fola  tuetur 
A  pluvia,  molles  ubi  reddunt  ova  columbse. 
Lectus  erat  Codro  Procula  minor,  urceoli  fex, 
Ornamentum  abaci  j  nee  non  et  parvulus  infra 
Cantharus,  et  recubans  fub  eodem  marmore  Chiron  ; 
Jamque  vetus  Gnecos  fervabat  cifta  libellos, 
Et  divina  opici  rodebant  carmina  mures* 
Nil  habuit  Codrus  :  quis  enim  negat  ?  et  tamen  iilud 
Perdidit  infellx  totum  nil :  ultimus  autem 


THIRD    SATIRE  OF   JUVENAL.      V.  289-304.  41 

No  fudden  flames  difpel  the  gloom  of  night, 
And  pour  their  horrors  on  th'  aftonim'd  sight. 
From  the  next  houfe  the  burfting  flames  arife, 

And  mount  in  blazing  volumes  to  rhe  fkies  ; 

The  tenants  fly  with  all  their  hade  can  take — 

The  floors  beneath  you  fmoke — nor  ftill  you  wake  j 

For  fmce  its  ravages  begin  below, 

Your  garret  laft  the  raging  pefl  will  know. 

The  wretched  Codrus  own'd  but  one  (hort  bed  ; 

Six  little  pitchers  grac'd  the  cupboard  head  ; 

Next  thefe  a  jug,  for  ufe  defigned,  not  fhow  ; 

A  marble  Chiron  fpread  his  leangth  below ; 

In  an  old  chelt  the  Grecian  bards  were  laid, 

Where  mice,  barbarian-like,  fecurely  prey'd. 

Codrus  had  nothing  •,  thus  the  world  would  fay  : 

Yet  all  that  nothing,  foon  was  torn  away — 
F  2 


42  D.  J.  JUVENALIS  GATYRA    III.      V.    210-220. 


cumulus,  quod  nudum  et  fruflra  rogantem 
Nemo  cibo,  nemo  hofpitio,  tectoque,  juvabit. 
Si  magna  Aflurici  cecidit  domus,  horrida  mater, 
Pullati  proceres,  differt  vadimonia  pro. tor  : 
Tune  gemimus  caf  us  urbis,  tune  odimus  ignem. 
Ardet  adhuc,  et  jam  accurrit  qui  marmora  donet, 
Conferat  impenfas  :  hie  nuda  et  Candida  figria  j 
Hie  aliquid  prceclarum  Euphranoris  et  Polycleti  j 
Hie  Afianorum  vetera  ornamenta  deorum. 
Hie  libros  dabit,  et  forulas,  mediamque  Minervam  ; 
Hie  modium  argenti :  meliora  ac  plura  reponit 


THIRD   SATIRE  OF   JUVENAL.      V.  305-322.  45 

And  dill  the  wretch's  woes  are  not  compleat ; 

Cold,  hungry,  bare,  behold  he  roams  the   ftreet, 

Whild  all,  the  mercy  that  he  afks,  deny, 

And  none  a  bed,  or  clothes,  or  food  fupply — 

But  fhould  Adurius'  lofty  palace  fall  ; 

Grief  fpreads  around,  and  horror  feizes  all ; 

Judice  is  flaid,  the  matron  rends  her  hair, 

And  Knights  and  Peers  their  blacked  garments  wear— 

The  chances  of  the  town  then  all  bewail, 

Then  all  at  fires  with  double  hatred  rail. 

Still  flames  the  pile — when  lo  the  flatterers  haftc, 

And  pour  their  riches  to  fupply  the  wade  ; 

A  nobler  dome,  with  eager  zeal,  they  raife, 

One  brings  materials,  one  the  workmen  pays, 

Statues,  the  boad  of  Greece,  that  dome  adorn, 

And  ornaments,  from  Afian  temples  torn, 

In  gifts  of  ufe  or  luxury  they  vie, 

.And  book  and  vafes,  plate  and  gold  fupply  ; 


D.  J,  JUVENALIS  SATYRA  III.     V. 


Perficus  orborum  lautiffimus,  et  merito  jam; 
Sufpectus,  tanquam  ipfe  fuas  incenderit  ades* 
Si  potes  avelli  Ciircenfibus,  optima  Sorjr, 
Aut  Fabrateriae,  domus,  aut  Frufmone,  paratur. 
Quanti  nunc  tenebras  unum  conducis  in  annum  ! 
Hortulus  hie,  puteufque  breuis,  nee  refte  movendus, 
In  tenues  plantas  facili  diffunditur  hauftu. 
Vive  bidentis  amans,  et  culti  villicus  horti, 
Unde  epulum  pofEs  centum  dare  Pythagoreis. 


tHIRD  SATYRE  OF  JUVENAL.   V.  323-338.     4-5 

Thus  by  his  lofs  Afturius  fwell'd  his  (lore, 

Tho'  known  as  richeft  of  the  rich  before. 

And  all  fufped  him  author  of  the  fire, 

*  "  That  burnt  his  palace,  but  to  build  it  higher." 

To  leave  the  Circus  fports,  couU'tl  thou  endure, 

In  fome  neglected  burgh  thou  might'ft  procure 

A  f\vcet  retreat,  at  fmaller  coft,  than  here 

Thou  hir'ft  a  dungeon  for  a  fingle  year  — 

There  dreams  gum  forth,  fpontaneous,  from  the  ground, 

And  pour  their  rills  with  eafy  lapfe  around, 

And  cheer  the  plants,  and  freflien  all  the  green  ; 

There  live  enamour'd  of  the  peaceful  fcene, 

There  feize  the  plough,  and  learn  the  ruftic's  fkill  •, 


And  there,  well  pleas'd,  thy  little  garden  till  ; 
Whofe  frefh  and  wholefome  herbs,  I  dare  eng 
Shall  feaft  an  hundred  like  the  Samian  fage. 


46  D.    J.  JUVENALIS  SATYRA  III.      V.   230-242. 


Eft  aliquid  quocunque  loco,  quocunque  receffii, 
Unius  fefe  dominum  feciffe  lacertae. 
Plurimus  hie  a-ger  moritur  vigilando  :  fed  ilium 
Languorem  peperit  cibus  imperfectus  et  hirrens 
Ardenti  ftomacho  :  nam  quae  meritoria  fomnum 
Admittunt  ?  magnis  opibus  dormitur  in  urbe. 
Inde  caput  morbi  :  rhedarum  tranfitus  arcto 
Vicorum  inflexu  et  ftantls  convicia  mandrae 
Eripient  fomnum  Drufo  vitulifque  marinis. 
Si  vocat  officium,  turba  cedente,  vehetur 
Dives,  et  ingenti  curret  fuper  ora  Liburno, 
Atque  obiter  leget,  aut  fcribet,  vel  dormiet  intus  : 
Namque  facit  fomnum  claufa  lectica  fenflra. 


THIRD  SATIRE  OF  JUVENAL.       V.  239 255.  4-7 

However  rjide  and  diflant  the  recefs, 
'Tis  fomething  e'en  one  lizard  to  pofTefs — 
Here  rack'd  with  fumes  by  indigeftion  bred, 
The  fick  man  lingers  on  a  refllefs  bed  ; 
In  filent  anguim  rolls  his  fleeplefs  eyes, 
That  dill  glare  round,  when  he  exhaufted,  dies. 
Our  rented  houfes  no  repofe  allow  ; 
The  balm  of  fleep  the  rich  alone  can  know  ; 
And  this  the  fource  whence  fell  difeafes  flow. 
Hark  the  loud  waggons  thund'ring  thro1  the  ftreet, 
The  brawls  and  curfes  when  their  drivers  meet. 
Tumult  like  this  the  torpid  Seal  would  wake  ; 
Nay  ftupid  Drufus  from  his  (lumbers  make. 
Behold  the  rich  man  to  the  levee  hafte, 
By  footmen  borne,  and  in  a  litter  plac'd, 
Whilft  as  he  moves  the  fervile  crowd  gives  way  ; 
He  reads  or  writes  ;  perchance  excludes  the  day 


48  D.  J  JUVENALIS  SATYRA   III.      V.   24<3-253, 


Ante  tamen  veniet :  nobis  properantibus  obftat 
Unda  prior  :  magno  populus  premit  agmine  lumbos 
Qui  fequitur  j  ferit  hie  cubito,  ferit  aflere  duro 
Alter  •,  at  hie  tignum  capiti   incutit,  ille  metretam  : 
Pinguia  crura  luto,  plana  mox  undique  magna 
Calcor,  et  in  digito  clavus  mihi  militis  hxret. 
Nonne  vides,  quanto  celebretur  fportula  fumo  ? 
Centum   convive  ;  fequitur  fua  quemque  culina. 
Corbulo  vix  ferret  tot  vafa  ingentia,  tot  res 
Impofitas  capiti,  quot  recto  vertice  portat 
Servulud  infelix,  et  curfu  ventilat  ignem. 


THIRD  SATIRE    OF  JUVENAL.       V.    356-371.  <<) 

And  takes  his  nap — yet  reaches  firfb  the  door  j 
While  we,  impeded  by  the  crowd  before, 
And  urg'd  behind,  with  painful  efforts  ftrive, 
And  bruis'd  and  torn,  beyond  the  time  arrive. 
Tho'  preft,  nay  almoft  trampled  by  the  throng, 
Up  to  the  knees  in  mud  I  wade  along  ; 
Sharp  elbows  gore,  my  head's  afTail'd  with  blows 
And  foldiers'  hob-nail'd  flioes  indent  my  toes. 
See  from  the  dole,  what  clouds  of  fmoke  arife  ; 
Each  to  receive  his  dated  portion  flies  ; 
Each  with  his  flave,  an  hundred  guefls  attend. 
With  head  on  high,  and  neck  that  fears  to  bend, 
Dilhcs  on  dimes  pil'd  the  flave  muft  bear, 
(A  weight  that  Corbulo  could  fcarcc  uprear,) 
Nor  bear  alone  ;  but  run  beneath  his  load, 
Lsft  all  the  dainties  cool  upon  the  road. 

G 


50  D.  J.  JUVENALIS   SATYRA  III.      V.    254-265, 


Scinduntur  tunicx  fartae  ;  modo  longa  corufcat, 

Sarraco  veniente,  abies,  atque  altera  pinum 

Plauftra  vehunt,  nutant  alte,  populoque  minantus. 

Nam  fi  procubuit,  qui  faxa  Liguflica  portat, 

Axis,  et  evcrfum  fudit  fuper  agmina  montem, 

Quid  fupereft  de  corporibus  ?  quis  membra,  quis  ofla, 

Invenit  ?  obtritum  vulgi  perit  omne  cadaver, 

More  animse  :  domus  interea  fecura  patellas 

Jam  lavat,  et  bucca  foculum  excitat,  et  fonat  unctia 

Strigilibus  *,  et  pleno  componit    lintea  gutto. 

Hire  inter  pueros  varie  properantur :  at  ille 

Jam  fedet  in  ripa,  tetrumque  novitius  horret 


THIRD    SATIRE   OF    JUVENAL.       V.    372-387  51 


Oppreft  beneath  the  weight  of  elm  or  pine, 
The  pond'rous  waggons  move  in  dreadful  line, 
The  beams  immenfe  with  tott'ring  motion  go, 
And  threaten  death  on  all  who  pafs  below. 
Behold  that  carriage  heap'd  with  nutty  flones  ; 
The  buildings  trembb  and  the  pavement  groans  ; 
Ye  Gods  !  the  axle  fails,  and  all  beneath 
Are  crufh'd,  and  perim  in  promifcuous  death — 
Not  e'en  their  mangled  carcafes  remain, 
No  member,  joint,  nor  atom  of  the  flain. 
The  body,  like  the  foul,  amaz'd  you  find, 
Has  fled,  nor  left  a  fingle  trace  behind. 
His  fellow  flaves,  meanwhile,  exempt  from  care, 
With  fruitlefs  hade,  their  fev'ral  tafks  prepare  ; 
While  *he  poor  wretch,  abruptly  hurried  down, 
AwM  by  the  terrors  of  grim  Charon's  frown, 


*  Thejlave  •who  was  carrying  f/\'  fportuhi.  Some  Corn- 
tnentators  fttppofe  the  majlcr  to  be  h<.re  intended^  and  indeed 
the  ob/curity  of  the  original  leaves  fujficient  rowi  fir  vari 
ous  conjectures. 


52  D.  J.JUVENALIS   SATYRA    III.      V,    266-27$, 


Porthmea,  nee  fperat  ccenofi  gurgltus  alnum 
Infelix,  nee  habet,  quern  porrigat,  ore  trientem. 
Refpice  nunc  alia,  ac  diverfa  pericula  noctis  : 
Ouod  fpatium  tectis  fublirnibus,  unde  cerebrum 
Tefta  fei  it,  quoties  rimofa  et  curta  feneftris 
Vafa  cadunt,    quanto  percuflum  pondere  fignent 
Et  latdant  filicem.    PofBs  ignavus  haberi, 
Et  fubiti  cafus  improvidus,  ad  ccenam  fi 
Inteftatus  eas ;  adeo  tot  fata,  quot  ilia 
Nocte  patent  vigiles,  te  praetereunte,  feneftrse. 
Ergo  optes,  votumque  feras  miferabile  tecum, 
Ut  fint  contents  patulas  efFuudere  pelves. 
Ebrius  ac  petulans,  qui  nullum  forte 


THIRD   SATIRE   OF  JUVENAL.       V.    388-103.  53 

Now  fits  dejected,  on  the  gloomy  fliore, 
Without  .1  farthing  to  get  ferried  o'er. 
Nor  thefe  the  only  dangers  of  the  night ; 
Behold  our  houfes — what  a  fearful  height, 
For  pots  to  fall  upon  the  pafTnig  head. 
Now  broken  jars,  in  garret  windows  fpread, 
With  mighty  weight  and  force,  defcending  rufli, 
Break  the  firm  ftone,  and  all  the  pavement  cruflu 
II-j's  madly  thoughtlefs  of  impending  ill, 
Who  leaves  his  home  before  he  figns  his  will  ; 
Since  death  in  ambufh  lies,  and  marks  his  prey, 
From  ev'ry  cafement,  that  overlooks  the  way. 
Move  flowly  on,  and  breathe  a  wretched  vow 
That  pans  alone  may  pour  their  dreams  below. 
The  drunken  bully,  ftrives  to  fleep  in  vain, 

"Who  feeks  his  couch,  before  his  man  is  flain, 
G  2 


54?  D.  J.  JUVENALIS  SATYRA   III,      V.    279-287. 


Dat  pcenas  •,  noctem  patitur  lugentis  amicum 
Pelidtc,  cubat  in  faciem,  mox  deinde  fupinus ; 
Ergo  non  aliter  poterit  dormire  :  quibufdam 
Somnum  rixa  facit  :  fed,  quamvis  improbus  annis, 
Atque  mero  fervens,  cavet  hunc,  quern  coccina  tana 
Vitari  jubet,  et  comitum  longiffimus  ordo, 
Multum  prai-terea  flammarum,  et  aenea  lampas. 
Me  quern  luna  folet  deducere,  vel  breve  lumen 
CandeKr,  cujus  difpenfo  et  tempero  filum, 


THIRD    SATIRE  OF    JUVENAL.       V.  101-H9. 

Feels  all  the  tortures  that  Pelides  knew, 
When  raging  Hector  his  Patroclus  flew  ; 
When  "  *  now  fupine  now  prone  the  hero  lay 
«  And  fhifts  his  fides  impatient  for  the  day." 
But  fhould  a  brawl  his  third  of  blood  appeafe, 
He  fhuts  his  eyes  and  drops  afleep  with  cafe. 
Yet  e'en  this  madman  runs  no  rifles  for  fame, 
Tho'  youth  encourage,  and  tho'  wine  inflame. 
The  purple  cloak,  the  num'rous  train,  the  light 
Of  brazen  lamps  that  diflipate  the  night, 
And  pour  a  fplendor  thro'  the  darken'd  ftreets, 
He  marks  afar  and  prudently  retreats  ; 
But  I  who  wander  by  the  lunar  ray, 
Or  with  a  farthing  candle  grope  my  \vay ; 
Whofe  quiv'ring  flame  I  tend  with  anxious  care, 
And  drive  to  guard  it  from  the  rufhing  air, 

*  Pope's  Iliady  B.  24. 


D.  J,  JUVENALIS  SATYRA  HI.      V.  288-299. 


Contemnit.    Miferoc  cognofce  procemia  rixae, 
Si  rixa  eft,  ubi  tu  pulfas,  ego  vapulo  tantum. 
Stat  contra,  ftarique  jubet  j  parere  necefle  eft  : 
Nam  quid  agas,  cum  te  furiofus  cogat,  et  idem 
Fortior  ?  unde  venis  ?  exclamat  :  cujus  aceto, 
Cujus  conche,  tumes  ?  quis  tecum  fectile  porrum 
Sutor  et  elixi  vervecis  labra  comedit  ? 
Nil  mihi  refpondes  ?  aut  die,  aut  accipe  calcem  : 
Ede  ubi  confiftas  ?  in  qua  te  qujcro  profeucha  .? 
Dicere  fi  tentes  aliquid,  tacitufve  recedas, 
Tantundem  eft  :  f  eriunt  pariter  :  vadimonia  deinde 
Irati  faciunt :  libertas  pauperis  hggc  eft, 


THIRD    SATIRE  OP   JUVENAL.       V.    4-20— 1:17.  57 

1  fufrer  ;  as  the  coward  ruffian  knows, 
His  rage,  I  neither  can  nor  dare  oppofe — 
The  conteii  thus  begins  •,  if  conteft  call'd, 
Where  he  deals  blows,  and  I  alone  am  maulM 
Stand  villain,  Hand,  he  cries,  and  blocks  my  way  ; 
IL-'s  drunk  and  flronger  and  I  mud  obey, 
Speak,  where  have  you  been  drinking  mufty  lees  ? 
What  cobler  ft  rove  your  lordfhip's  tafte  to  pleafe, 
With  fhcep's  head  and  with  onions  pounded  fmall  ? 
S.iy,  in  what  beggar's  nook  for  alms  you  bawl  ? 
In  what  dark  cell  or  cave  at  night  you  lie  ? 
Nay  quick,  or  take  this  kick  or  give  reply. 
Whether  in  filent  fear  you  feek  retreat,. 
Or  try  to  fpeak,  Vis  juft  the  fame,  they  beat, 
And  juftice  then  in  mighty  wrath  demand, 
And  fwear  by  you  the  whole  affair  was  plann'd. 
Such,   fuch  the  freedom  that  we  wretches  know, 
And  fuch  the  mercy    our  fuperi'jrs  fliow  ; 


53  D.  j.  JUVENALIS   SATYRA   III.      V.    300-309. 


Pulfatua  rogat,  et  pugnis  concifus  adorat, 

Ut  liceat  paucis  cum  dentibus  inde  reverti. 

Nee  tamen  hoc  tantum  mctuas  :  nam  qui  fpoliet  te 

Non  deerit,  claufis  domibus,  poilquam  omnis  ubique 

Fixa  catenatx  filuit  compago  tabernae. 

Interdum  et  ferro  fubitus  graflator  agit  rem, 

Armato  quoties  tutre  cuftode  tenentur 

Et  Pontina  palus  et  Gallinaria  pinus. 

Sic  inde  hue  omne?,  tanquam  ad  vivaria,  currunt. 

Qua  fornace  graves,  qua  non  incude,  catenae  ? 


THIRD    SATIRE  OF   Jl'VEXAL.      V.  438-1  V..  59 

Forgivene^  we,  when  injur'd  muft  implore, 
Muft  pr.iy  when  menac'd,  and  when  (truck  adore  -, 
And  when  the  tyrant's  wrath  fatigu'd  we  find, 
Mufl  thank  him,  that  he  leaves  a  tooth  behind. 
Nor,  e'en  if  treated  thus  you  fcape  at  laft, 
Difmifs  all  fears  and  think  all  dangers  paft. 
When  noify  (hops  their  midnight  labors  clofe, 
And  all  exhaufted  feck   a  (hort  repofe, 
Then  fecret  robbers  (leal  upon  your  reft, 
Pick  ev'ry  lock  and  rifle  ev'ry  cheft  ; 
Perhaps,  determined  to  fecure  the  prize, 
Plunge  the  fwift  dagger  and  prevent  your  cries. 
Chac'd  from  their  haunts  the  ruffians  hither  fly 
Convinc'd  that  Rome  will  work  and  food  fupply — • 
So  vail  the  number  of  thefe  nightly  foes, 
With  bolts  and  {hackles  ev'ry  furnace  glows — 


60  D.  J.  JUVENALIS  SATYRA   III.      V.    310-319, 


Maximus  in  vmclis  ferri  modus,  ut  timeas,  ne 
Vomer  deficiat,  ne  marrse  et  farcula  defmt. 
Felices  proavorum  atavos,  felicia  die  as 
Scecula,  qux  quondam  fub  regibus  atque  tribimis 
Viderunt  uno  contentam  carcere  Romam. 
His  alias  poteram  et  plures  fubnectere  caufas  : 
Sed  jumenta  vocant  et  fol  inclinat  ;  eundunr  eft  ; 
Nam  mihi  commota  jam  dudum  mulio  virga 
Adnuit :  ergo  vale  noflri  memor ;  et  queries  te 
Roma  tuo  refici  properantem  reddet  Aquino, 


THIRD  SATIRE  OF   JtJVENAL.       V.    454-468.  6i 


The  mines  are  wafted,  and  there's  caufe  to  fear 


A  want  of  rakes  and  (hares  will  foon  appear. 
How  bleft  our  anceftors  ;  how  bled  the  times 
That  fear'd  no  tyrants,  ami  that  knew  no  crimes. 
When  Rome,  beneath  her  kings  and  tribunes  reign, 
Saw  one  fmall  jail  her  criminals  contain. 
Much  could  I  add,  more  reafons  could  I  cite, 
Tojuftify  my  hate,  and  urge  my  flight — 
But  now  the  wafted  time  forbids  delay, 
The  fun  declining  (hoots  a  feebler  ray, 
The  driver  cracks  his  whip  and  fummons  me  away 
Farewell,  my  friend,  farewell ;  yet  ere  we  part, 
I  charge  you  bear  me  mindful  in  your  heart ; 
And  oft  as  you  from  hated  Rome  repair, 
To  breath  your  own  Aquinum's  purer  air, 

H 


: 


62         p.  j.  JUVENALIS  sATifRA  in.     v.  320-322. 


Me  quoque  ad  Helvinam  Cererem  veftramque  Dianam 
Convelle  a  Cumis  :  fatyrarum  ego,  ni  pudet  illas, 
Adjutor  gelidos  veniam  caligatus  in  agros. 


THIRD  SATIRE  OF  JUVENAL.       V.    169-172.  63 

From  Cum.r,  in  my  rullic  garb  arrayM, 
I'll  feck  your  bleak  abode  ;  and  if  my  aid 
Your  mufe  allow,  aififl  your  virtuous  rage, 
And  roufe  juft  horror  at  an  impious  age. 


NOTES, 


From  the  copious  and  learned  obfervations  of  Mr, 
Gifford,  I  have  extracted  a  few  notes,  which  feemed 
neceflary  to  render  the  poem  intelligible,  to  the  mere 
Englifh  reader.  A  few  paflages,  which  that  gentle 
man  has  translated,  I  have  omitted  ;  and  there  are 
alfo  a  few  to  which  I  have  ventured  to  give  an  inter 
pretation  different  from  that  which  he  has  adopted. 
I  truft  the  reader  will  not  do  me  the  injuftice  to  fup- 
pofe  that  I  wifli  to  be  confidered  as  the  opponent  or 
rival  of  th;.t  celebrated  writer.  His  tranflation  of 
Juvenal  is  doubtlefs  unequal,  and  in  fome  places 
perhaps  erroneous  j  yet,  notwithstanding  the  malig 
nant  ftrictures  of  the  Critical  Reviewers  and  their  ab- 
furd  preference  of  the  very  inferior  verfion  of  Mr. 
Marfh,  it  certainly  deferves  to  be  confidered  a  ntaf- 
terly  performance  ;  a  performance  to  which,  of  all 

living  writers   he   alone  was  probably  equal.      The 
II  'J 


S  NOTES. 

verification,  tho'  fometimes  harfh  or  licentious,  is 
generally  fpeaking,  free,  varied,  and  harmonious  5  yet* 
in  contradiction  to  the  tafte  of  mod  readers,  partaking 
more  of  the  energy  and  flow  of  Dryden,  than  the 
melody  and  concifenefs  of  Pope.  Englilh  readers  will 
no  longer  be  referred  to  the  admirable  imitations  of 
.Dr.  Johnfon,  as  the  only  fources  whence  they  can  de-1 
-rive  a  juft  idea  of  the  manner  and  fpirit  of  the  Roman 
Satirift  •,  the  peculiar  characteriftica  of  the  poet,  his 
dignity,  his  vehemence,  his  profound  horror  of  vice, 
his  burfts  of  uncontroulable  indignation  are  happily 
and  almoft  uniformly  preferved  in  the  tranflation  of 
Mr.  GifTbrd  ;  the  figures  are  fo  well  defined,  the 
colors  fo  vivid,  and  the  expreffion  fo  flrongly  marked, 
that  without  injuftice  we  cannot  apply  to  this  tranfla 
tion  the  celebrated  and  happy  metaphor  of  Cervantes  j 
we  cannot  call  it  "  the  wrong  fide  of  the  tapeftry"— - 
lihould  indeed  poflefs  an  abundant  portion  of  that  van 
ity  with  which  we  are  reproached  as  a  national  vice, 
ihould  I  dare  for  a  moment  to  think  of  entering  the 
lifts  with  fuch  a  poet  as  Mr.  GifFord.  I  had  no  fuch 
thought,  the  prefent  tranflation  was  written  merely  as 
an  exercife  in  the  art  of  verification.  Were  I  in 
England  it  ihould  not  be  publimed,  but  as  an  Ameri 
can  production  and  ifTuing  from  an  American  prefs,  I 
was  willing  to  believe  that  it  was  entitled  to  foine  in- 


KOTES,  67 

diligence-  I  was  alfo  defirous  to  prove  that  it  was 
pofTible  for  an  American  to  write  poetry  at  lead  with 
fimplicity  and  purity  •,  without  recurring  to  the  aid  of 
barbarous  and  unauthorifed  terms,  unmeaning  or  ex 
travagant  epithets,  harfh  or  inconfiitent  metaphors. 

Ver.  4th.  «  And  with  one  citizen,  &c."  I  have 
in  this  line  adopted  the  explication  of  Mr.  Gifford, 
the  fenfe  of  the  original  feems  to  have  been  flrangely 
miftaken  by  former  tranflators. 

Ver.  5th  « To  Baiae  Cumrc  leads,  &c."  The 
introduction  of  this  circumftance  would  probably  ap» 
p  •  ir  to  moft  readers  impertinent ;  but  Mr.  Gifford 
has  happily  explained  the  allufion.  The  commenta 
tors  not  conceiving  that  the  epithet  "  vacux1'  could 
with  propriety  be  applied  to  a  place  which  the  poet 
afterwards  defcribes  as  the  thoroughfare  to  Baiae,  and 
delirous  to  fave  the  veracity  of  their  author,  chofe  to 
divert  the  word  from  its  proper  meaning,  and  explain 
it  by  "  otiofae,  quietac,  non  tarn  plena;  hominum  quam 
«  eft  Roma,  £c."  but  of  theie  Mr.  Gifford  obferves 
there  uno  need,.  "  a  place  may  be  uninhabited  though 
"  numbers  pafs  through  it  daily,  and  this  in  truth,  is 
"  what  tlu  author  iatirically  hints  at  -,  that  Bnix, 
"  which  Seneca  ^alls  <(  c!iverforium  vitiorum,"  fh<-uki 
"  have  fuch  attract;:.^:  for  the  Romanb,  as  to  draw 


68  'NOTES, 

"  them  all  to  it,  in  defpite  of  the  many  delightful 
K  fpots  in  its  vicinity,  through  which  they  were  obli- 
«  ged  to  pafs,  and  of  whofe  charms,  therefore,  they 
"  could  not  be  ignorant." 

Ver.   14?.     "  When  raving  poets  feize  you  and  recite" 
The  following  pafiage  may  perhaps  occur  to  the  reader : 

Fire  in  each  eye,  and  papers  in  each  hand, 
They  rave,  recite,  and  madden  round  the  land. 

POPE'S  Pro.  to  the  Sab. 

And  the  ftill  more  humorous  lines  with  which  Horace 
concludes  the  "  Epiftola  ad  Pifones." 

Indoctum  doctumque  fugat  recitator  acerbus 
Quern  vero  adripuit,  tenet,  occiditque  legendo. 

I  am  inclined  to  think  that  both  paiTages  muft  have 
been  prefent  to  my  mind,  when  I  wrote  the  above  line, 
though  at  the  time,  however  flrange  it  may  feem,  I 
was  u&confcious  of  the  fact — Indeed  I  am  convinced, 
that  many  of  the  imitations  pointed  out  by  bifhop 
Hurd,  in  his  admirable  eflay,  on  the  "  Marks  of  im 
itation  in  Poetry,"  were  of  this  nature — That  the  au 
thors  were  fecretly  iufluenced  in  the  choice  of  fenti- 
ment  or  expreflion,  by  an  indiftinct  recollection  of  the 
paflages,  which  he  fuppofes  them  defignedly  to  have 


/ 

NOTES.  6<J 

copied.  Martial  has  addreffed  to  one  of  thefe  "  reci- 
tanteis  poetoD,"  a  very  humorous  epigram  :  after  hav 
ing  perufed  it,  the  reader  will  not  be  furprifed  that 
Juvenal  has  placed  them  in  the  climax  of  the  evils 
with  which  Rome  was  infefted. 

Occurrit  tibi  nemo  quod  libenter  : 

Quod  quacunque  venis  fuga  eft,  et  ingens 

Circa  te,  Ligurine,  folitudo  : 

Quid  fit  fcire  cupis  ?  nimis  pob'ta  es. 

Nam  tantos,  rogo,  quis  ferat  laborer  ? 

Et  flanti  legi?,  et  legis  fedenti  : 

Current!  legis,  ct  legis  canenti. 

In  thermas  fugio  :  ibnas  ad  aurcnl. 

Piicinam  peto  :  ncn  licet  natare. 

Ad  cccnam  propero  :  tenes  euntem. 

Ah  coenam  venio  :  fugas  fedentem. 

Lafius  dormio  :  fufcitas  jacentem. 

Vis,  quantum  facias  mali,  videre  ? 

Vir  juftus,  probus,  innocens  timeris. 

You're  anxious  then,  my  v.rorthy  friend,  to  kno\r 
"Why,  when  you  enter,  all  prepare  to  go  ? 
Why,  when  you  walk,  all  clafles  fhun  to  meet, 
And  folitude  ufurps  the  crowded  ftrect  ? 
You  are,  and  all  who  once  have  met  you  know  it, 
You  are,  my  worthy  friend,  too  much  a  poet. 


O  KbTES. 

A  dang'rous  fault,  which,  truft  me,  you  fhould  cure. 

For  who,  the  toils  you   alk,  could  e'er  endure  ? 

Howe'er  engag'd  I  feem,  by  day  or  night, 

Heedlefs  of  time  and  place,  you  ftitl  recite. 

I  feek  the  baths,  but  followed  ftill  by  you  ; 

I  fly  to  Tibur,  and  you  ftill  purfue  ; 

If  I  to  fupper  hafle,  my  courfe  you  ftay  ; 

If  I  at  fupper  fit,  you  drive  away  •, 

Wearied  to  death,  I  fink,  with  fleep  oppreft  5 

You  raife  your  voice,  nor  give  a  moment's  reft. 

Your  hands,  we  own,  are  pure,  your  conscience  clear; 

We  all  refpect  you,  but  alas,  we  fear. 

Ver.  18.  "  And  Numa  nightly,  &c."  Livy  tells 
us,  that,  jufl  without  the  walls  of  Rome,  there  was 
a  little  grove,  watered  by  a  perennial  fpring,  which  rofe 
in  the  middle  of  it.  To  this,  Numa,  who  had  proba 
bly  contracted,  in  the  privacy  of  his  former  life,  a 
love  of  folitude,  which  followed  him  to  the  throne, 
uied  frequently  to  retire  :  and  here  he  feems,  foon  af 
ter  his  acceffion,  to  have  conceived  the  defign  of  turn 
ing  his  darling  propenfity  to  the  advantage  of  his  new 
fubjects.  For  this  purpofe,  he  gave  out,  that,  in  this 
lonely  recefs,  he  met  the  goddefs  Egena,  who  furnim- 
ed  him  from  time  to  time,  with  the  flatutes  to  be  ob- 
ferved  by  the  city.  A  rude,  and  uninformed  race  of 
warriors  liftened  with  awe  to  the  dictates  of  Heaven  : 


NOTES.  71 

and  Numa  had  the  fatisfaction  of  feeing  his  inftitutions 
not  merely  received,  but  revered.  Livy's  defcription 
is  fo  pleafmg,  that  I  cannot  withhold  it  from  the  claf- 
fical  reader. 

"  Lucus  erat,  quern  medium  ex  opaco  fpecu  fons  per- 
<c  enni  rigabat  aqua,  quo  quia  le  perfxpe  Numa, 
<c  fine  arbitris,  velut  ad  congreflum  De;i ,  infcrebat  ; 
"  Camcenis  eum  lucum  facravit  quod  earum  ibi  con- 
"  filia  cum  conjuge  fua  Egeria  efTent." 

Verfe  25. "Sure  the  nymph  would  feem 

Far,  far  more  prefent  if  her  gurgling  dream/'  &c. 

Mr.  Mafon  in  a  note  to  his  "  Englifh  Garden" 
quotes  thefe  lines  ts  an  honorable  proof,  that  Juvenal 
was  uninfected  by  the  corrupt  tafte  of  the  age  in  which 
he  lived.  The  lines  which  Mr.  Gifford  has  quoted 
from  Ovid,  fhow  that  he  is  entitled  to  a  fimilar  praife. 
It  is  a  circumftance  worthy  of  remark  that  both  Cicero 
and  Pliny  Tvere  great  admirers  of,  the  factitious  an4 
unnatural  tafte  which  the  two  poets  fo  warmly  repro 
bate  (See  a  note  on  the  firft  book  of  the  E.  Garden). 

The  following  is  the  "  exquifite  defcription'*  of 
Ovid  which  Juvenal  has  fo  happily  copied.  The  tranf- 
btion  is  by  a  friend. 

«  In  extreme  eft  antrum  nemorale  receflu, 

Arte  laboratum  nulla  -,  fimulaverat  artem 


- 

72  NOTES. 

t(  Ingenio  natura  fuo  :  nam  pumice  vivo, 
ft  Et  levibus  tophis  nativum  duxerat  arcum. 
«  Fons  fonat  a  dextra  tenui  perlucidus  unda, 
((  Margine  gramineo  patulos  fuccinctus  hiatus. 

Deep  in  the  vale  a  fhady  grot  there  lies, 

Where  nature's  charms,  untouch'd  by  ait,  furprize  $ 

For  there,  the  Genius  of  the  place  alone 

The  pebbles  rang'd  and  arch'd  the  living  (lone ; 

There,  on  the  right,  a  bubbling  fount  is  feen, 

Of  lucid  wave,  and  bank  of  frefheft  green. 

Vcrfe  61.  "  What  fhould  I  do  at  Rome  I  cannot 
lie,  &c."  One  of  Martial's  beft  epigrams  bears  at 
ftrong  refemblance  to  this  paflage  of  our  author.  My 
friend  has  again  obliged  me  with  a  tranflation.  The 
claflical  reader  will  find  a  ftill  better  epigram  on  the 
fame  fubject.  Lib.  3,  28. 

Ad  Fabianum. 
Vir  bonus  et  pauper,  linguaque  et  pectore  verus, 

Quid  tibi  vis,  urbem  qui  Fabiane  petis  ? 
Qui  nee  leno  potes  nee  commiflator  haberi, 

Nee  pavidos,  trifti  voce,  citare  r^os  : 
Nee  potes  uxorem  cari  corrumpe,  e  amici : 

Nee  potes  algentes  arrigare  ad  vetulas 
Venderc  nee  vanos  circa  Palatia  fumos  : 

Piauuerc  nee  Cano,  plaudere  nee  Glaphyro^ 


XOTES.  i  * 

Unde  mifer  vives  •,  homo  fid  -s,  certus  amicus, 
Hoc  nihil  eft  ;  nunquam  fie  *  Phiiomclus  eris 

Hone  ft  and  poor,  in  word  and  thought  finccre, 
"What  bufinefs  tell  me,  liaft  thou  Fabian,  here  ? 
The  pimp  or  fiatt'rers  trade  thou  canft  not  ply, 
Nor  on  thy  pow'rs  can  aged  dames  rely. 
Canft  thou  to  mean  and  fordid  gain  defcend  ? 
Corrupt  the  wife  of  him  who  calls  thee  friend  ? 
The  gaping  crov,  d  with  empty  hopes  deceive  ? 
Or  low  buffoons  accoinplifli'd  players  believe  ? 
If  not  how  live  at  Rome  ?  What  thou  art  juft, 
Wilt  not  defert  thy  friend,  and  break  thy  trufl  ? 
Fly,  if  thou  wouldft  not  ftarve,  the  walls  of  Ro.ne, 
And  feek  again  thy  quiet  ruftic  home  ; 
To  virtues  fucli  as  thcfe  we  (how  no  grace, 
They  ne'er  will  give  you  bread,  or  gain  you  place. 

Ver.  65.  "  I  ne'er  have  learnt  the  virtues  of  the 
toad,  &c  "  Frequent  al'ufions  are  found  in  ancient 
author^  to  the  poifonous  qualities  of  the  toad  :  but 
"  either  our  toad  is  r\ot  the  rana  rubeta  of  the  an 
cient*?,  or  it  has  loft  its  deftructive  qualities  in  this 
country  ;  where  it  is  generally  underftood  to  be  al- 


I 

*  Phihmfltis  ivns  a  celebrated  pljyer  on  the  harp 
had  amjjfcd  an  irninenfe  forn.nc. 


t  NOTE?. 

together  innoxious.  It  is  frequently  alluded  td  by 
Piiny,  and  once  in  ftrong  terms,  as  extremely  hcftile 
to  life.  The  compounders  of  thefe  dofes,  (and,  as 
Rabelais  fays,  there  was  a  world  of  people  at  Rome 
then,  as  well  as  now,  that  got  an  honed  livelihood  by 
poifoning)  might  probably  give  out  fuch  a  report,  to, 
C3iice.il  the  real  fact ;  but  I  ihould  imagine  the  fu!>- 
fiances  they  ufod  were  either  vegetable,  or  mineral. 
and  of  a  much  more  fubtlc,  and  delete  ious  nature 
than  any  thing  the  genus  of  toads  could  fupply.  It 
i?  no  great  reflection,  however,  on  our  author,  that  he, 
was  ignorant  of  the  fearer,." 

GIF  FOR  i?t. 

Ver.  83.  "  Him  who  arraigns  when  Verrcs  felt' 
thinks  fit,  &c." 

O.  CxciJius  who  h?A  been  Verres*  qur.  flor  in  Sicily, 
and  the  accoaiplice  of  his  crimes,  demanded,,  for  very 
obvicus  rqafpns,  to  be  preferred,  as  his  acoufer,  to 
Cicero — liortenfius,  who  defended  Verres,  wa3  ;^t  that 
time  Conful  elect ;  and  M.  Motellus,  who  was  alf> 
ilrangely  attached  to  his  intercft,  had  been  defoliated 
Pnctor.  Had  C^cilius  been  chofen  the  accuftr,  it 
w.:s  intended  that  the  trial  of  Verres  fhould  be  deferred 
until  thefe  mngiftrates  hisd  entered  on  the  execution 
pf  their  duties ;  and  in  this  cafe  the  acquittal  of  the 
criminal  was  cor.fidersd  as  certaii:.  (Vide  in  O.  Cue- 


KOTF.S.  <  .'> 

ciliu  n  Dlv.  et    in  Verrem    Actio  Pri.  cap.  8. ) 

v.  h:ch  contains  an  account  of  a  very  curious  negotia 
tion  (.13  the  phrafe  is)  the  object  of  which  was  to  cL 
the  election  of  Cicero  as  ./Guile.  Some  perfons  pre 
tend  that  in  all  countries  and  in  r.ll  ages  election  >  L.ivc 
been  conducted  in  very  nearly  a  fi.nihr  manner;  but 
i:i  this  country  it  feems  we  have  found  the  fecret  of 
enjoying  all  the  advantages  of  a  popular  government, 
unalloyed  by  any  portion  of  the  evils.  "Who  flull 
ilare  to  fay,  that  in  this  virtusus  and  enlightened  coun 
try  the  freedom  of  elections  has  ever  been  impaired,  or 
their  purity  polluted  ? 

Vcr.  09. «  O  Pvomulus  behold, 

See  foreign  robes  thy  ruflic  now  infold." 
la  this  apodrophe  to  Rcrnulus  the  poet  cbfcrvcs  that 
v.-hile  the  Greeks,  &j.  were  worming  themfelves  i.iro 
r.il  places  of  pov/er  and  profit,  the  Romans  once  fo 
unvjA-r.j.l  for  their  rough  and  manly  virtues,  were 
l!y  taken  up  with  the  idle  amufcments  of  the  Cir- 
I\^eter!a  are  prizes  which  the  victors,  in  die 
coutells  of  the  Circus,  cdentatioufly  were  round  their 
necks.  And  Ceroma  is  a  mixture  of  cil,  clay,  and 
bees-wax,  with  which  the  wrcdlers  f.ncared  their 
neck  and  breads. 

.CRD. 


76 


Ver.  116.    "  And  bid  him  go  to  heav'n,  to  heav'n 

he  goes." 

The  poet  here  alludes  to  the  flight  of  Dxdalus  ; 
and  prefeiitly  after  explains  himfelf  more  fully,  by  ob- 
ferving  that  it  was  no  barbarian  who  mad  y  attempt 
ed  a  flight  through  the  air  ;  but  a  Greek  niediis  natus 
Athenis.  He  artfully  adduces  this  inftance  to  prove, 
that  the  prefumption  and  avarice  of  the  Greeks  would 
lend  them  to  any,  the  molt  extravagant  undertakings. 

Ver.  131.  "Extol  the  learning  of  the  unlearnM  friend.'* 
Great  indeed  muft  have  been  the  (kill  of  the  Greeks, 
if  they  could  fucceed  by  this  method  of  flattery  —  A 
very  oppofite  courfe  is  recommended  by  a  modern  mas 
ter  cf  the  art. 

\Vould  you  by  flatt'ry  feek  the  road  to  wealth  ? 
Pufh  not  too  hard  j  but  ihde  it  in  by  ftealth. 
Mark  well  your  cully's  temper  and  purfuit, 
And  fit  to  ev'ry  leg  the  pliant  boot. 
Tell  not  the  fpendthrift  that  he  hoards  with  fenfe, 
Tell  not  the  mifer  that  he  fcorns  expence. 
Nor  praife  the  learning  of  a  dunce  profeft^ 
Nor  fwear  a  floven's  elegantly  drefl. 


KOTES.  77 

Still  let  your  lies  to  truth  near  neighbors  be, 
And  dill  with  probability  agree. 

"  Ars  memiencli,"  of  Lord  II .  Spencer. 

Ver.   HI.     "  The  wife,  the  miftrefs,  and  the    un- 

dreft  fair,"   &c. 

The  characters  of  women  in  ancient  times,  were  al 
ways  reprefented  by  men.  It  was  not  until  the  reign 
of  Charles  the  fecond,  if  I  am  not  mUlaken,  that  wo 
men  were  introduced  on  the  Englifli  ftage. 

Yer.   14-i.     "The  patron  laughs — a  louder  laugh 

replies." 

The  character  of  the  flitterer  is  touched  with  great 
force  in  thefe  lines,  which  are  however,  exceeded, 
at  lead  in  humour,  by  the  following  : 

Hamlet.  Your  bonnet  to  its  right  ufe  :  'tis  for  the  he^d. 
(Jjrid.  I  thank  your  lordlhip  'tis  very  hot. 

Hamht.  No,  believe  me,  'tis  very  coKl,      the  wind  is 
northerly. 

Cfrld.  It  is  indifferently  cold,  my  lord,  indeed. 

Hamlet.  But  yet,  methiuks,  it.  ij  very   fultry  and  hot 
f'ji  mj  i..    i] 

i  r 


73  KOTES. 

Qfrick.  Exceedingly,  my  lord,  it  is  very  fultry  as  it 
were,  I  can't  tell  how. 

GIFFORD. 

Ver.  149.  "  They  fhiver  and  their  fhaggy  cloaks 
require."  Accipit  endromidem.  The  endromis  or 
endromida  was  a  thick,,  fhaggy  cloak,  chiefly  ufed  in 
the  Gymnafia,  and  put  on  by  the  wreftlers,  runners, 
&c.  after  the  performance  of  their  violent  exercifes  to 
prevent  the  effects  of  a  fudden  chill.  Martial  has  an 
epigram,  (Lib.  4,  ep.  19)  in  which  he  defcribes  its 
origin  and  various  ufes  j  he  concludes  with  faying  : 

"  Ridebis  ventos  hoc  munere  tectus'et  imbres." 
In  this  involv'd  the  winds  and  rain  defy. 

Ver.  166.  "  Yon  floic  mark,  &c." 
This  is  meant  for  P.  Ignatius  who  appeared,  agaihft 
his  patron  and  friend  Bareas  Soranus  accused  of  a 
ccnfpiracy  againft  Nero.  Tacitus  (who  defcribes- 
tlie  whole  tranfaction)  after  a  very  pathetic  account  of 
the  accufaticn  of  Soranus  and  his  daughter  by  Oflorius 
Sabinus,  proceeds  to  defcribe  in  his  ftrong  and  impres- 
five  language  the  indignation  caufed  by  the  treachery 
of  Ignatius  ;  "  Mox  datus  teftibus  locus  et  quantum 
miferecordix  f-.vitia  acculiitionis  permcverat,  tan  turn 
ir  P*  Egnatius  teftis  concivit.  Cliens  hie  Sorani,  et 
tune  emptus  ad  cpprimeridura  amicurr,  auctorita- 


ts*OTES.  •> 

tern  Stoics  fectae  praeferebat,  habitu  et  ore  ad  ex- 
pr'm^ndum  imaginem  honetli  excrcitus,  ceterim  an- 
imo  perfidiofus,  fubdolus,  avaritiam  ac  libidinern  oc- 
cultans.  Qux  poftquam  pecunia  reclufa  funt,  dedit 
exemplum  praecavendi,  quomodo  fraudibus  involutes, 
aut  fl  igitiis  commaculatos,  fie  fpecie  bonarum  artium 
falfos,  et  amicitiae  fallaces. 

Tac.  Ann.  Lib.  16,  32. 

Ver.  1 69.  "  Where  the  winged  hack,"  &c. 
Tarfus  in  Cilicia,  where  Pegafus  was  faid  to  have  ftum- 
bled,  and  dropt  a  feather  from  his  fetlock.  He  terms 
Pegafus  a  hack  not  (as  Cafaubon  obferves)  from  a 
contempt  of  him  whom  the  ancients  had  placed  in  hea 
ven  5  but  becaufe  he  mortally  hated  the  Greeks. 

GIFFORD. 

Ver.  178,     "  Trifling  indeed;  for  why  the  truth 

deny,   &c." 

This  (Mr.  GifFord  obferves)  is  touched  with  great  force 
by  Martial.  The  following  is  the  ep'gra  IA  (perhaps 
the  bed  in  Martial)  to  which  Mr.  Gi fiord  refers.  It 
will  not,  I  am  confident,  be  faid  that  the  fpirit  of  the 
original  has  evaporated  in  the  tranflation  of  my  friend, 

In  Paulum. 

Confulem  et  Salutatorem. 
Cum  U  laurigeris  annum  qui  fafcibus  m.ras, 


80  KOTES. 

Man*  falutator  ILnina  mille  teras  : 
Hie  ego  quid  fa  iam  ?  quid  nobis  Paulle  relinquib, 

Oui  de  plebe  Num.  ,  denfaque  turba  fumus  ? 
Oui  me  refpiciat,  dominum  regemque  vocabo  ? 

Hoc  tu,  fed  quanto  blandius,  ipfe  facis. 
Lecticam,  fel  amque  fcquar  ?  nee  ferre  rectfo  : 

Per  medium  pugnas  fed  prior  ire  lutum. 
S.  pius  aflurgam  recitanti  carmina  ?  tu  (las, 

Et  pariter  geminas  tendis  in  era  manus. 
Quid  facial  pauper,  cui  non  licet  efle  clienti  ? 

Dimifit  noftras  purpura  veftra  togas. 

When  you,  whom  riches  bhth  and  rank  adorn, 
.Salute  a  thoufand  portals  in  a  morn  ; 
What  muft  I  do  ?  Say  Paulus  what  remains 
To  us,  the  wretched  crowd,  whom  this  fuflains  ? 
To  gain  the  patron's  fmile,  cr  gracious  nod, 
1 11  call  him,  if  he  pleafe,  a  king  or  god  -y 
But  then  you  praife,  with  fuch  faperior  art, 
He  frowns  on  me  and  gives  to  you  his  heart  -> 
Shall  I  on  foot  attend  the  patron's  chair  ? 
It  nought  avails  ;  for  ft  ill  I  find  you  there. 
You  rufh  the  foremoft  of  the  fervile  train, 
})a(h  thro'  the  mud,  nor  heed  the  beating  r^in. 
What  fhould  the  patron  caoofe  hi-  v.-rfe  recite  ? 
I  rife,  and  lift  my  hands,  and  feign  d-:lrght  j 


NOTES.  81 

But  you  ne'er  fit,  your  hands  perpetual  raife, 
And  mow  your  extafy  a  thoufand  ways. 
Our  coarfe  and  humble  gowns  no  longer  dare 
Contend,  ye  nobles,  wi.h  the  purple's  glare  ; 
At  length,  the  poor  havo  loft  their  laft  refource, 
Diimifs  d  as  clients,  we  muft  itarve  of  courfc. 

Ver.  196. "  Not  the  hoft 

Of  Cybele  could  brighter  virtue  boaft." 
In  the  5t:h  year  of  Rome  the  Sibylline  books,  being 
confulted  concerning  the  expiation  of  certain  prodi 
gies,  directed  that  the  goddefs  Cybele  (hou'd  be  brought 
to  Rome,  from  Pelfinus  in  Phrygia.  Arr.bafludors 
were  accordingly  fent  to  king  Attains  to  procure  the? 
fucred  (lone,  which  was  dignified  with  the  name  of 
"  Mother  of  the  Code."  The  ambafladors,  in  their 
way  to  Afia,  confulted  the  Delphic  oracle,  and  were 
commanded  to  lodge  the  goddefs,  on  their  return  to 
Rome,  with  the  molt  virtuous  man  in  the  city  ;  and 
this  "  mod  virtuous  rn.ui"  was  determined  by  the 
Senate  to  be  Scipio  Nafficu.  Speaking  of  this  judg 
ment  of  the  Senate,  Livy,  with  his  ufual  eloquence, 
obferves,  "  Haud  parv-j;  rei  judicium  Senatuii  tene- 
bat,  qui  vir  optimus  in  civititc  efllt.  Veram  certc 
victoriam  ejus  rei  quifque  fibi  mallet,  quam  ulla  imperia 
honorefve,  fufiragio  feu  Patrum  feu  plebia  delatos* 


02  NOTES. 

P.  Sclpionem,  Cn.  filium,  ejus  qui  in  Hifpania  ceci- 
derat,  adolefcentem  nondum  quaeftcrium,  judicave- 
runt  in  tota  civitate  virum  bonorum  optimum  efle. 

Lib.  27.  c.   14. 

Ver.  198.     "Nor    he  who   rufh'd  intrepid   thro' 

the  fire,"    &c. 

This  \vas  L.  Metcllus,  Pontifex  Maximus,  who,  in  a 
dreadful  conflagration  which  happened  at  Rome  a  few 
years  before  the  laft  mentioned  event,  when  the  fire 
had  feized  the  temple  of  Vefta,  and  t'.-e  virgin;  de- 
ferted  its  ventured  liis  life  to  fave  the  Palladium.  One 
ef  his  arms  was  difabled  in  the  attempt  and  his  fight 
totally  deftroyed,  yet  he  effected  his  purpofe.  Ovid 
has  feme  pretty  lines  on  the  fubject.  Faft.  C,  4- -14?. 

CIF5CRD. 

The  following  are  the  lines  to  which  Mr.  GifFord 
alludes,  and  furely  they  are  fomething  more  than 
pretty.  The  annexed  tranflation  is  by  no  means  lit- 
teral,  indeed  the  laft  eight  lines  are  more  properly  an 
imitation. 

lieu,  quantum  ti  nuere  Patres  quo  tempore   Vefla 
Arfit,  et  eft  adytis  obruta  pene  fuis  j 

Flagrabant  fancti  fceleratis  ignibus  igncs 

Mixtaque  erat  flammae  fiainma  profana  pix. 

Attoiiitae  flebant  demiflb  crine  miniflrx  : 


Korr  v  83 

Abftuler?.t  vires  corporis  ipfe  timor. 
iVuvoht  i.i  medium,  et  magna,  "  fuccurrite,"  vocc, 

"  No;i  ell  au  \ilimi  flere,"  Metellus  ait, 
"  Pignora  virgifltii  fotalia  tollite  palmis  ; 

"  NTo:i  ei  hint  voto,   fed  rapicrd.i  manu. 
"   Me  miieum  dubitatia  ?  '  ait,  dubit.ire  videbaf-, 

Et  p..vidas  pofito  procubuifle  genu. 
Il.'.urit  ;,qms  :  tollcnfque  manu^,  "  ignofcitc,"  dixlr, 

"  S^cra  :  vir  intrnbo  non  adeunda  viro. 
«  Si  feel  us  eft,  in  me  commiifi  pcena  redundet  ; 

"  S't  c.  puis  damno  Roma  foluta  mci.'' 
D:\lt  et  irrupit  ;  factum  Dca  rapta  probavit  : 

Pon^tficiTque  fui  munere  tccM  fult. 

fait  lib.  6.  v.   437,    1.5'. 

Wlint  boding  fenrs  the  chiefs  of  Home  difmsy  d, 
Whr.t  time  the  flr.n  3  on  Ve!l:i  s  t(?n:p'.'  prey'd, 

' .t  the  goddeiV  (lirir.e,  and  dread  ibode  i 
A    .1  jnidii  pure  fires  \vith  fireo  u:ilio:y  ^1. .  v'J. 
TI     'vefl:  by  woo,  and  fev'.M  \v,th  horv'.d  clrc.n', 

virgins  feel  their  ilr^n^tli  and  course  flei!  : 
V\  i.,-»v.  Il-jintr's  hi^V.-pripfl  in  vcicc  of  thunder  cr! 
"  To  w  ep  is  not  to  lave,   ye  virg:  o  rii^, 
<(  O  lick  let  tlie  fat.il  pledge  be  hence  conveyM  ; 
"   Votir  h-.i .'.i1  >  ..         ,    uid  not  your  pray'rscan  aid. 
«  Wi-t  Hill  uamov'd  :"   Un-nov'dhe  fees  tho:;i  Hill  ; 

i/  ;  '      u.-r,  Qt  motion,  voice,  atid  will. 


84  KOTES. 

«  If,  goddef  ,  in  thy  fhrine  I  dare  intrude, 

"  Thy  facred  fhrine,  which  man  ne'er  yet  has  viewM, 

"  And  thou  fhouldft  deem  the  generous  zeal  profane, 

"  On  me  alone,  thy  gather'd  vengeance  rain  ; 

"  Let  Rome  be  fav'd  ;  is  all  my  vows  require." 

He  faid,  and  rufhing  thro'  the  circling  fire, 

The  pledge  from  flames  and  Rome  from  ruin  freed, 

And  gods  and  men  approved  th'  heroic  deed. 

Ver.  206.  "  Add  that  the  poor  continual   taunts 

provoke/'   &c. 

Dr,  Johnfon,  in  his  imitation  of  this  pafTagc,  has  fur- 
pafled  even  the  fpirit  and  energy  of  the  original.  Often 
as  the  reader  may  have  perufed  thefe  lines,  I  am  furs 
he  will  not  object  to  my  tranfcription  of  them. 

By  numbers  here,  from  fhame  and  cenfure  free, 
All  crimes   are  fafe  but  hated  poverty  j 
This,  this  alone,  the  rigid  law  purfues, 
This,  this  alone,  provokes  the  fnarling  rnufe  ; 
The  fober  trader  at  a  tatter*d  cloak 
Wakes  from  his  dreams,  and  labors  for  a  joke  \ 
With  brifker  air,  the  filken  courtiers  gr:ze, 
And  turn  the  varied  taunt  ;i.  thoufand  ways. 
Of  all  the  ills  that  harafs  the  diitrefl, 
Sure  the  mod  bitter  is  a  fcornful  jcft  •, 
Fate  never  wounds  fo  deep  a  generous  heart 
As  when  a  blockhead  s  infuit  points  the  dart. 


NOTES.  $?> 

Ver.  2 14-.  "O  poverty  of  all  thy  numerous  ills,"  &c. 
Mr.  GifFord  has  quoted  a  paflage  from  Crates,  one  of 
the  writers  of  the  old  comedy,  which  contains  a  thought 
very  fimilar  to  this  of  our  author  ;  not  having  found  a 
tranflation  of  this  frag-v.ent  in  the  very  entertaining 
collection,  with  which  Mr.  Cumberland  has  embellinV 
ed  the  pages  of  the  Obferver,  the  reader  will  excufe  the 
following  attempt. 

Of  all  the  ills  that  wretched  man  afflict, 
The  ills  of  poverty  fure  gall  the  mod  ; 
Let  nature  form  you  awful,  wife,  fevere, 
Yet  poverty  (hall  change  you  to  a  fool, 
And  male  the  butt  of  ridicule  and  Jcorn. 

Or  in  rhyme  thus : 

Of  all  the  ills  we  wretched  mortals  know, 
Sure  poverty  is  charg'd  the  mod  with  woe  \ 
Tho'  nature  with  her  nobleft  gifts  adorn, 
If  poor  you're  doom'd  to  ridicule  and  fcorn. 

Notwithstanding  this  fentiment  has  been  adopted  by 
Juvenal  and  improved  by  Johnfon,  I  mutt  be  allowed 
to  queftion  its  juftnefs.  In  the  bread  of  him  who 
poflefles  a  proper  confcioufnefs  of  his  own  merit,  and 
a  true  fenfe  of  his  own  dignity,  the  laugh  of  fools  can 
excite  no  emotions  but  thofe  of  pity  and  contempt. 

K 


86  NOTES. 

Ver.  218.  Quit,  quit  thofe  benches,  angry  Lectius 

cries,    &c. 

In  the  685th  year  of  the  city,  L.  Otho  procured  a  law, 
by  which  feparate  feats  in  the  theatres,  were  affigned 
to  the  knights.  This  diftinction,  which  was  exceeding 
ly  odious  to  the  poorer  clafTes  at  Rome,  had  been  lately 
revived  by  Domitian  and  overfeers  appointed  to  enforce 
its  obfervance.  Martial  gives  us  the  name  of  one  of 
thefe  officers. 

«  Quadringenta  tibi  non  funt,  Choereftrate,  furge, 
"  LECTIUS  ecce  venit  :  fta,  f  uge,  curre,  late." 

Lib.  5,  26. 

Ver.  249.  "  When  theatres  of  turf  again  they  raife,  &c." 
The  Romans  had,  for  a  long  time,  no  other  than  tem 
porary  theatres,  fo  conflructed  that  the  people  were  ob 
liged  to  (land;  left,  as  Tacitus  obferves,  the  convenience 
of  fitting  fhould  induce  them  idly  to  fpend  whole  days 
at  the  fpectacle.  They  were  afterwards  contrived  more 
conveniently  •,  but  continued  to  be  built  of  light  mate 
rials,  and  merely  for  the  occafion,  until  Pompey  erected 
a  fuperb  one  of  hewn  ftone.  It  feems,  however  that 
thefe  temporary  ftructures  were  fometimes  ufed  even 
in  the  time  of  Juvenal. 

«  Ovid  has  a  charming  picture  of  the  fimplicity  of 
paft  t  imes,  in  thofe  edifices ;  which  he  artfully  contrafts 


NOTES.  87 

with  the  luxury  and  magnificence  of  the  prefent." 

"  Tune  neque  marmoreo  pendebant  vela  theatre.*  &c. 
v  Ars  Amandi,  lib.  1.  v.  103. 

««   rhen>  from  the  marble  theatres,  no  veils 

•«  Wav'd  lightly  in  the  fun  ;  no  faffron  fhowcrs 

"  Bedrench'd  the  ftage  with  odours.     Oaken  boughs, 

"  Lopt  on  the  fpot,  and  rudely  rang'd  around 

"  By  the  glad  fwains,  a  leafy  bower  compos'd — 

"  Here  'midft  the  fimple  fcenery,  they  fat, 

"  Or  on  the  green-fward,  or  the  flowing  turf, 

"  Artlefsly  piled  j    while  their   rough    brows   were 

crown'd 
«  With  garlands,  fuch  as  the  next  tree  fupplied.1' 

GIFFORD. 

Of  thefe  beautiful  lines  of  Ovid,  my  friend,  for  the 
fake  of  the  lovers  of  rhyme,  has  given  me  the  follow 
ing  tranflation. 

No  veils  were  then  o'er  marble  ftructures  fpread  •, 

No  liquid  odors  mower' d  round  the  head  *, 

The  n  eareft  grove  fupplied  its  choicell  green, 

And  cluft'ring  branches  form'd  the  artlefs  fcene  ; 

Rude  feats  of  turf,  in  order  rofe  around  ; 

Where  fate  the  fwains,  with  many  a  garland  crown'd. 

Ver.     «  E'en  then  both  rich  and  poor  are  cloth'd 
alike." 


88  NOTES. 


-Similemque  videbis 


Orcheftram,  et  populum,"— 

In  the  divifions  of  the  Roman  Theatre  (for  thofe  of 
the  Greeks  were  different,)  orcheftra  fignified  the 
place  where  the  dances  were  performed  :  it  was  next 

the  pulpitum  or  ftage,  but  not  on  a  level  with  it  j  and, 
as  affording  a  good  view  of  the  actors,  was  ufually 
frequented  by  the  fenators,  who  had  chairs  placed 
for  them  there.  In  his  feventh  fatire,  Juvenal  makes 
his  poet  borrow  thofe  chairs  to  accommodate  his  audi 
ence  at  a  private  houfe  : 

"  Quaeque  reportandis  pofita  eft  orcheftra  cathedris." 

Our  ruftic  theatre  had  no  fuch  orcheftra  of  courfe  •, 
and  Umbritius  here  ufes  the  word  figuratively  for  the 
fpace  neareft  the  actors,  where  the  wealthier  villagers 
fat. 

In  the  next  line  the  poet  purfues  the  contrail  be 
tween  the  luxury  and  extravagance  of  Rome,  and  the 
frugality  of  the  country  :  there  the  meaneft  of  the 
people  affifted  at  the  theatre  dreflcd  in  white  ;  here 
the  ^Sdiles  only,  under  whom  the  plays  were  acted, 
and  whofe  importance  is,  according  to  cuftom,  ironi 
cally  magnified. 

It  is  fingular  that  this  mould  have  efcaped  Dryden  j 


NOTES.  89 


•clari  velamen  honoris, 


"  Sufficiunt  tunica)  fummis  -didilibus  alba?." 
He  renders 

"  In  his  white  cloak  the  magiftrate  appears, 
"  The  country  bumpkin  the  fame  livery  wears." 

Which  is  directly  contrary,  not  only  to  the  intent,  but 
to  the  words  of  his  author. 

GIFFORD. 

> 

Ver.  264-.     «  A  pafling  nod  fhall  haughty  Coflus 

deign." 

The  original  is  infinitely  more  humorous  ;  Quid  das  ut 
Cosfumaliquandofalutes  ?  What  will  you  give  that  Cos- 
fus  may  fome times  permit  you  to  falute  him  ?  In  de 
fence  of  my  own  inaccuracy,  I  can  only  plead  the  ex 
ample  of  former  tranflators.  It  has  been  fuggefled 
to  me  that  "  falutes"  refers  to  the  attendance  of  the 
client  at  the  levee  ;  for  which  falutare  is  the  appreci 
ate  word  ;  this  may  poflibly  be  the  cafe,  but  in  no  tran- 
flation,  that  Ihavefeen,  is  the  paflage  thus  interpreted. 

Ver.  268.     "  This  minion  fhaves  his  head,  this 

lops  his  hair." 

It  was  cuftom  of  the  wealthier  Romans  to  dedicate 
the  iirft  {having s  of  their  beard,  and  pollings  of  their 
K  2 


90  NOTES. 

hair,  after  they  arrived  at  a  flate  of  manhood  to 
deity.  Thus  Suetonius  and  Dio  tell  us,  among  a  va 
riety  of  other  inftances,  that  Nero  inclofed  his  in  a 
golden  pix,  adorned  with  pearls,  and  offered  it  with 
great  ftate  to  the  Capitoline  Jove.  The  day  this  was 
done  by  the  rich,  was  kept  as  a  feftival,  and  prefents 
were  expected  from  relations,  friends,  and  clients,  as 
on  their  birth  days,  &c.  This,  however,  is  not  what 
provoked  the  fpleen  of  Umbritius  :  he  complains,  and 
juftly  too,  that  thefe  prefents  (hould  be  exacted  from 
the  poor  dependant,  not  only  when  his  patron,  but 
when  his  patron's  minions,  firft  polled  and  fhaved  !  He 
is  indignant,  that  it  (hould  be  neceflary  to  pay  them 
tribute,  as  he  calls  it  •,  fmce,  poffefling  the  ear  of  the- 
lord,  no  means  of  accefs  were  left  the  client,  but 
through  the  good  pleafure  of  thefe  proud  flaves^ 
which  could  only  be  purchafed  by  prefents, 

GIFFORD. 

Ver.  295.  "For  thus^fo  wife  fo  provident  their  care, 
The  inking  walls  our  mailer  ftewards  repair." 

.     -.    —  — «  nam  fie  labentibus  obftat 

Villicus,  et  veteris  rimag  contexit  hiatum." 

This  feems  to  me,  the  mod  obfcure  and  difficult  paf- 
fage  in  the  whole  poem  j  it  is  thus  rendered  by  Mr. 


NOTES.  91 

"  For  thus  the  ftewards  patch  die  river  wall, 
"  Thus  prop  the  manfion,  tottering  to  its  fall." 

But  what  ftewards  ?  If  this  tranflation  be  correct 
I  muft  own  myfelf  unable  to  comprehend  the  allufion. 
By  "villicus"  1  fuppofe,that  Juvenal  means  the  prefect 
of  the  city,  whom  in  the  following  fatire  he  defignates 
by  the  fame  term. 


modo  pofitus  villicus  urbi.' 


By   this  interpretation   the  ftrict  connexion  of   the 
pafTage  with  what  precedes  becomes  evident. 

Ver.  308. "  nor  (lill  you  wake, 

For,  fmce  its  ravages  begin  below, 

Your  garret  laft  the  raging  peft  will  know." 

"  Tu  nefcis  •,  nam  fi  gradibus  trepidatur  ab  imis, 
Ultimus  ardebit,"  &c. 

The  pafiage  is  given  thus  by  Mr.  Gifford  : 

" •"     up,  ho  !  and  know 

That  when  th'  impetuous  peft  begins  below, 
The  topmoft  ftory  foon  becomes  its  prey,"  &c. 
But  this  is  certainly  wrong,  the  meaning  of  Juvenal  is, 
that  the  height  of  the  houfes  was  fo  great,  that  the  un 
fortunate  tenant  of  the  garret  might  be  wrapt  in  ileep, 


92  KOTEfc 

while  the  (lories  below  were  in  flames.  The  words 
"  nam  fi  gradibus  trepidatur  ab  imis,"  &c.  are  expla 
natory  of  "  tu  nefcis."  The  conjunction  «  nam", 
which  (as  it  is  always  caufative)  clearly  proves  this  to  be 
the  cafe,  is  omitted  in  the  tranflation  of  Mr,  Gifford. 

Ver.  310.     «  Juft  ice  is  it  aid,  the  matron  rends  her 

hair," 

We  have  here  a  very  accurate  defcription  of  a  public 
mourning  for  any  fignal  calamity.  The  women  laid 
afide  their  ornaments  j  the  fenate  put  on  black ;  the 
courts  of  juftice  deferred  all  bufmefs,  &c.  That  all 
this  would  be  done  on  fuch  an  occafion  as  the  prefent, 
may  be  reafonably  doubted  ; — and  yet  if  we  duly  at 
tend  to  the  ftate  of  Rome  in  our  authors  time,  we 
fhall  not  be  inclined  to  fufpect  him  of  much  exaggera 
tion  •,  for  to  be  rich  and  childlefs  gave  the  perfon  fo 
circumftanced  the  utmoft  confequence. 

GIFFORD. 

Ver.  324?.      "  And  all  fufpect  him  author  of  the 

fire." 

Martial  has  the  fame  thought  on  a  fimilar  erent,  ex-* 
pr  efled  with  no  lefs  elegance  and  brevity. 

"  Empta  domus  fuerat  tibi,  Tongiliane,  ducentis  : 
«  Abftulit  hanc  nimium  cafus  in  urbe  frequens* 


NOTES.  93 

fc  Collatum  eft  dccies.    Rogo,  non  potcs  ipfe  videri 
"  IncendiiTc  tuam,  Tongilianc,  domum  ?" 

The  fmgular  art  with  which  the  poet  contrails  the 
different  fates  of  Codrus  and  Aflurius,  has  not,  I  truft, 
efcaped  the  notice  of  the  reader  ;  any  more  than  the 
dexterity  with  which  it  is  made  conducive  to  the  great, 
indeed  the  fole,  object  of  the  fatire. 

GIFFORD. 

Ver.  3 iO.  "Tis  fomething  e'enone  lizard  to  poflefs." 
"  We  alked  Dr.  Johnfon"  (fays  Bofwell,  in  his  amu- 
fmg  life  of  that  author)  "  the  meaning  of  that  expres*- 
fion  in  Juvenal,  umus  dominum  lacertoe.  Johnfcn,  J 
think  it  clear  enough  ;  it  mean-*  ''S  much  ground  as 
one  may  have  a  chance  of  finding  a  lizard  upon." 
And  fo  it  does  !  and  this,  the  Doctor  might  have 
added,  is  very  little  in  Italy. 

GIFFORD. 

Vcr.  3 13.  "  In  filent  anguifli  rolls  his  fleeplefs  eyes." 

In  the  following  quotation,  the  reader  will  recog^ 
nize  the  "  energy"  of  Lucretius  •,  it  is  taken  from  his 
defcription  of  the  plague  at  Athens. 

Quippe  patentia  cum  totas  ardentia  nocteis 
JLumina  verfarent  occulorum  expertia  foma 


9»  KOTES. 

For  their  broad  eye-balls,  burning  with  difeafe 
Roll'd  in  full  flare,  forever  void  of  fleep. 

GOOD. 

Ver.  353.     "  Whilft  as  he  moves  the  willing  crowd 

gives  way.1' 

We  have  here  another  lively  picture  of  the  mifery  at 
tending  the  great  inequality  of  fortunes  in  a  ftate  fo 
conftituted  as  that  of  Rome.  The  rich  rapidly,  and 
almoft  without  confcioufnefs  of  impediment,  moving 
to  the  levees  of  the  old  and  childlefs  ;  while  the  poor 
whofe  fole  fupport  probably  depended  upon  their  early 
appearance  there,  are  hopelefsly  ftruggling  with  "dan 
gers  and  difficulties  that  fpring  up  at  every  ftep  to  re 
tard  them. 

GIPFORD. 

Ver.  360.     "  And  foldiers  hob-naiPd  fhoes  indent 

my  toes." 
« et  in  digito  clavus  mihi  mihtis  haeret." 

The  following  is  Lubin's  explanation.  "Id  eft  cal- 
"ceus,  multis  clavis  fuffixus,  digito  pedis  mei  infigitur." 
Boileau  has  imitated  this  whole  paflage  in  his  fixth 
Satire. 

"  L'un  me  heurte  d'un  ais  ,  dont  je  fuis  tout  froiflj 
Et  d'un  autre  coup  mon  chapeau  eft  renverfe".    &c. 


NOTES.  95 

Ver.  363.  "  See  from  the  dole  what  clouds  of  finokc 

wife." 

The  dole,  sportula,  was  the  portion  ef  meat  received 
by  each  client  who  accompanied  his  patron  home  from 
the  forum.  The  poet  obferves,  that  each  of  thefe  cli 
ents  was  followed  by  his  kitchen,  and  as  it  farther  ap 
pears,  preferved  fome  ftate  at  home  ;  it  is  probable 
that  his  view  here  was  to  expofe  the  meannefs  and  av 
arice  of  the  rich,  who  were  content  to  fwell  the  train 
of  the  vain  or  ambitious,  and  to  exact  the  dole  in  confe- 
quence  of  it,  to  the  manifefl  injury  of  the  poorer  claim 
ants,  in  whofe  favor  the  diftribution  was  firft  inftituted. 

GIFFORD. 

Ver.  375.     "  Behold  that  carriage  heapM  with  maf- 

fy  ftones. " 

This  feems  to  be  an  oblique  attack  on  the  phrenzy  of 
the  emperors  for  building;  as  it  was  chiefly  for  their 
ufe,  that  thefe  immenfe  beams,  mafTes  of  ftone,  &c. 
were  brought  to  Rome.  Juvenal,  however,  lived  to 
fee  the  evil,  in  fome  degree,  leflened,  at  leaft,  if  we 
may  credit  Pliny,  who  celebrates  Trajan  (Paneg.  c.  2) 
for  his  moderation  in  this  refpect.  Here  is  the  paflage, 
and  it  is  a  very  pertinent  one.  He  firft  commends  him 
for  being  tam*parcus  in  xdificanfo  qttam  diligent  in  tucn- 
do  •  and  he  immediately  adds  :  Itaqiic  nw  ut  ante  im- 


S6  NOTES." 

manium  "transvectlone  saxorum  tirlis  ted  A   quattuntur  : 
Stant  secure  domusy  nee  jam  templa  nutantla. 

GIFFORD. 

Ver.  388.  «  Without  a  farthing  to  get  ferried  o'er." 
The  ancients  believed,  that  the  fouls  of  the  deceafed 
could  not  crofs  the  Styx,  without  paying  a  trifling  fare 
to  Charon,  for  their  paflage  5  this  they  were  careful  to 
put  into  the  mouths  of  their  dead  friends,  previous  to 
their  being  carried  out  for  interment.  This  idle  notion, 
the  Romans  borrowed,  together  with  other  fooleries, 
from  the  Greeks  :  it  does  not  indeed  appear  to  have 
been  general ;  but  the  vulgar,  who  every  where  adopt 
ed  it,  adhered  to  the  cuflom  with  the  mod  fcrupulous 
pertinacity,  and  feared  nothing  fo  much  as  being  con- 
figned  to  the  grave  without  their  farthing. 

Lucian  frequently  fneers  at  this  fancy  :  and  our  au 
thor  who,  amidft  his  belief  of  a  future  ftare,  had  fenfe 
enough  to  mark  the  folly  of  the  prevailing  fyftem,  ev 
idently  points  his  ridicule  at  the  monftrous  abfurdity 
of  the  practice. 

GIFFORD. 

Ver.  40 1 .  "  The  drunken  bully  ftrives  to  fleep  in  vain 

Whofeeks,  &c." 
There  is  a  furprifing  fimilarity  between  this  paflage, 


VOTES.  97 

and  one  in  the  Proverbs  of  Solomon.  "  Enter  not 
into  the  path  of  the  wicked,  and  go  not  in  the  way  of 
evil  men  :  for  they  flecp  not  except  they  have  done 
mifchief,  and  their  reft  is  taken  away  except  they  caufe 
fometo  fall.  '  Chap.  4.  14. 

The  picture  which  follows ;  the  hurnorous,  but 
ftrong  and  indignant,  picture  of  the  miferies  to  which 
die  poor  were  expofed  by  the  brutal  infolence  of  de 
bauchees,  roaming  in  queft  of  objects  on  whom  :o  ex- 
ercife  their  cruelty ;  is  no  exaggeration  of  our  author's  ; 
grave  hiftorians  have  delivered  the  fame  account. 
Thus  Tacitus,  in  his  life  of  vero  •,  who,  by  the  way, 
appears  to  have  been  one  of  the  firft  difturbers  of  t]\z 
public  peace.  "  In  the  garb  of  a  (lave,  he  roved  thro' 
the  ftrects,  attended  by  a  band  of  rioters,  who  offered 
violence  to  all  that  tell  in  their  way.  In  thefe  mad 
frolics  he  was  fometimes  wound,  d  ;"  not  with  impuni 
ty,  however,  for  it  appears  that  Julius  Montanus  was 
put  to  death,  for  repelling  his  infults. 

GIFFORD. 

Ver.  4-68. «  In  my  ruftic  garb  array'd." 

In  the  interpretation  of  the  word  caHgafus,  I  follow  the 
opinion  of  Mr.  Ireland,  who  fuppofes  "  caliga  to 
mean  a  country  (hoe,  as  diftinguilhed  from  a  town 
flioe."  This  interpretation  confifts  with  the  general 
drill  of  the  fatire,  and  the  preference  which  Umbritius 
L 


98  NOTES. 

gives,  in  every  inftance,  to  the  country.  The  con 
cluding  obfervations  of  Mr.  Gifford,  are  conceived 
with  tafte  and  exprefled  with  elegance  and  precifion. 
"  There  is  fomething,  he  remarks,  exquifitely  beautiful 
in  the  conclufion  of  this  fatire  ;  the  little  circumftan- 
ces  which  accelerate  the  departure  of  Umbritius,  the 
tender  departure  of  his  friend,  the  compliment  he  in 
troduces  to  his  abilities,  and  the  affectionate  hint  he 
throws  out,  that  in  fpite  of  his  attachment  to  Cumae, 
he  may  command  his  afliftance  in  the  noble  talk  in 
which  he  is  engnged,  all  contribute  to  leave  a  pleafing 
impreflion  of  melancholy  on  the  mind,  and  intereft 
the  reader  deeply  in  the  fate  of  this  neglected,  but 
virtuous  and  amiable  afcetic." 


ADDITIONAL    NOTES. 

Ver.  83,  "  Him  who  arraigns   when  Verres   felf 

thinks  fit,"  &c. 

«  Carus   erit  Verri  qui  Verrem  tempore,  quo  vult 
"  Accufare  poteft." 

I  am  afraid  no  commentator  will  juflify  the  trans 
lation  I  have  given  of  this  paflage,  The  follow 
ing  is  the  note  of  Lubin  :  «  qui  novit  Verrem  furem 


ADDITIONAL    NOTES.  i)0 

efle  ilium  Verres  in  fummo  pretio,  quamvis  invitus 
habebit :  timcbit  ne  ab  illo  prodatur,"  and  the  trans 
lation  of  Mr.  Gilford,  conveys  the  fame  idea.  Yet  as 
I  have  had  the  temerity  to  give  a  new  interpretation, 
I  may  as  well  attempt  to  fupport  it :  In  the  firfl  place 
I  am  inclined  to  believe  that  the  phrafe  "  quo  tempo- 
re"  always  refers  to  fome  particular  period,  and  is  ne 
ver  ufed  indefinitely.  \Ve  cannot  therefore  tranflate 
the  fentence,  "  He  who  can  accufc  Verres,  at  any 
"  time  that  he  may  think  proper,  &c."  but  mull  ne- 
ceflarily  render  it  :  "  He  who  will  accufe  Verres  at 
"  that  particular  time,  when  Verres  himfelf  wiflies  to 
"  be  accufed,"  &c.  alluding  to  that  historical  anecdote 
•which  I  have  given  in  the  former  note  on  this  vcrfe. 
In  the  next  place,  I  think  this  interpretation  is  more 
confident  with  the  general  purport  of  the  paflage,  die 
fubftance  of  which  may  be  thus  comprefled  :  "  At 
"  Rome  the  poor  are  almofl  entirely  dependant  on  the 
"  great,  how  then  mould  I  continue  to  live  there,  who 
«  neither  know,  nor  would  practice  the  arts  by  which 
"  alone  their  favor  is  to  be  acquired.  Honorable  fer- 
"  vices  meet  with  no  remuneration  ;  he  alone  who  will 
"  aflift  them  to  commit  or  conceal  their  crimes,  may 
«  hope  to  (hare  their  wealth  j  but  however  great  and 
«  tempting  be  the  reward,  do  not  at  the  expence  of  the 
"  peace  and  tranquility  of  your  mind,  purchafe  a  favor 
u  fo  precarious  and  fo  dangerous." 


106  ADDITIONAL    NOTES. 

Ver.  193.  "  Nor  dare  to  hand  the  wanton  from 
her  feat." 

Ladies  of  a  certain  defcription  at  Rome,  were  ac- 
cuflonied  to  feat  themfelves  on  lofty  chairs,  that  the 
adorers,  who  approached,  might  have  a  fuller  and  more 
leifurely  view  of  th  eir  charms  j  or  in  the  coarfe  lan 
guage  of  Ferrarius  :  "  Ut  accedentes  fcortatores  vena- 
ff  lem  mercem  attentius  confiderarent." 

Ver.  453.  "  That  fear'd  no  tyrants,  and  that  knew 
no  crimes." 

This  language  is  too  bold,  it  may  be  faid,  even  for 
Juvenal  to  have  employed,  and  I  muft  own  that  it  can 
not  be  juftified  by  the  letter  of  his  text :  yet  I  am  con 
vinced  from  his  allufion  to  the  mode  of  government 
which  prevailed  in  thofe  early  and  happy  ages,  that  he 
meant  to  fuggeft  the  comparifon,  which  I  have  open 
ly  exprefled.  In  confirmation  of  my  opinion,  I  find 
that  Rigaltius  in  his  difiertation  "  De  Satyra  Juvenalis" 
quotes  this  paflage,  amongft  others,  in  proof  of  the 
erect  and  independent  fpirit  of  the  Satirift  j  they  do  in 
deed  difcover,  (as  he  exprefles  it,)  «  ingens  retinendae 
«  libertatis  defiderium." 


ORIGINAL  POEMS. 


LINES  ADDRESSED  TO  MISS  * 


NOW  warm,  Apollo,  with  the  Poet's  fire 

A  youth,  who  ne'er  has  touch'd  the  Mufe's  lyre  ; 

Unform'd  by  art,  and  uninfpired  by  love, 

Ne'er  taught  his  words  in  meafur'd  drains  to  move  : 

O  aid  him  now  with  (kill,  to  hold  the  rein, 

He  ne'er  will  mount  your  Pegafus  again. 

While  to  the  God,  I  thus  addrefs'd  my  pray'r, 

A  fudden  voice  I  heard,  or  feem'd  to  hear  : 

Prefumptuous  youth,  reflrain  awhile  thy  flight, 

Be  ftill  content  to  read,  ftill  fear  to  write  ; 

Yet  if  the  Fair  command  the  votive  lay, 

Attend,  and  what  the  God  (hall  dictate,  fay. 
L  2 


102  ADDRESSED    TO    MISS    *****    ******. 

0  may  thy  modeft  worth,  fweet  girl,  foon  find 
Its  beft,  its  fole  reward,  a  kindred  mind  •, 
May  fome  bleft  youth  (reprefs  all  vain  alarms) 
Have  fenfe  to  know,  and  heart  to  feel  thy  charms  ; 
Then  (hall  thy  virtues  all  their  force  difplay, 
Then  (how  confpicuous  in  their  brighteft  day. 

I  fee  thee  now,  the  mother  and  the  wife, 

Grace  all  the  duties  of  domeftic  life  j 

With  looks  of  love,  yet  mix'd  with  gentle  awe, 

1  fee  the  little  circle  round  thee  draw. 
Thy  precepts  all,  an  eafy  entrance  find, 
And  grave  indelibly  the  tender  mind. 

What  care  to  guard  their  unfufpecting  youth  f 
What  (kill  to  guide  their  infant  thoughts  to  truth  1 
If  chance,  while  thus  engaged,  thy  lord  furprife, 
Joy  fwellshis  heart,  and  lightens  from  his  eyes  fy 
With  grateful  love  he  {trains  thee  to  his  breaft  : 
Above  all  riches  and  all  triumphs  bleft — 
He  ceas'd  t*  infpire  ;  the  mind  no  longer  glows, 
Reduc'd  henceforward  to  mere  humble  profe. 


LINES  TO  THE 
MEMORY  OF  COWPER. 


O  Bard,  of  all  that  ever  touch'd  the  lyre, 
Sweeteil  and  moft  unfortunate  ;  the  heart 
Whofe  chords  of  fympathy,  in  unifon 
To  thy  pathetic  drain,  with  confcious  joy 
Forget  to  vibrate,  of  nature,  virtue, 
Truth,  funplicity,  has  loft  all  relifh  : 
The  heart,  that  for  thy  fufferings  does  not  bleed 
That  knows  thy  cruel  and  peculiar  fate, 
And  is  not  torn  with  pangs  of  trued  grief  ; 
To  the  fell  and  gloomy  favage,  of  blood 
Infatiate,  o'er  whofe  mind  felf  reigns  fupreme, 
Carelefs  of  others  woes,  may  well  belong  ; 
But  inmate  of  the  bread,  can  never  be 
Which  focial  life  has  foften'd.     Happy  they 
Prevailing  Bard,  who  with  congenial  foul 


104  TO   THE    MEMORY   OF    COWPER1 

Thy  page  peruse  ;  whofe  thoughts,  feelings,  pafiions, 
Prompt  to  thy  great  bidding  move  •,  as  thy  mood 
Thou  chang'ft,  and  op'ft  with  fkilful  hand  the  fprings 
Whence  Poefy  her  richeft  treafures  draws, 
Now  at  the  follies  fmile,  and  now  the  guilt 
Deplore,  of  man  benighted  :  as  Nature's 
Varied  fcenes  thy  magic  pencil  paints, 
And  bodies,  warm  as  life,  to  fancy's  view, 
*Are  partners  of  thy  genuine  raptures  : 
Thrice  happy  they,  if  in  thy  higher  flights, 
They  ftill  can  follow  thee,  with  wing  unflagg'd, 
And  whilft  the  foul,  exulting,  fcorns  the  ties, 
That  hold  to  earth,  and  ftill  by  faith  upborne, 
Afcends,  foar  with  thee  fublime.     Pure  thy  heart, 
O  Cowper,  and  thy  page  that  purity 
Reflects  :  no  fceptic  taunts  of  Ignorance. 

*  Thou  kno  <u?ft  my  pra'ife  of  nature •,  moft  fincercy 
And  that  my  raptures  are  not  conjured  up> 
To  serve  cccaftons  of  poetic  pomp, 
But  genuine,  and  art  partner  of  them  all. 

Talk,  book  1, 


TO    THE    MEMORY    OF    COWPER. 


The  fruit,  and  Pride,  here  (hock  the  pious  mind  : 

Nought  here  appears,  from  which  th'  ingenuous  maid 

Her  modcO:  eye,  with  blufh  indignant,  turns  : 

But  he  that  can  perufe  thee,  and  not  feel 

The  fparks  of  virtue,  e'en  though  quencH'd  theyfcem'd, 

Kindle  into  flame,  and  mount  within  him, 

Is  a  wretch  forever  loft,  unworthy 

Of  the  name  of  man  :  Vain  were  thy  terrors, 

Or  if  immortal  blifs,  incffabb, 

Thou  doft  not  now  enjoy,  the  gates  of  blifs 

To  all  of  Adam's  lace,  are  ever  clos'd^ 


LINES  ADDRESSED  TO 

THE  FASHIONABLE  PART  OF  MY 

YOUNG  COUNTRYWOMEN.* 


Ye  blooming  nymphs,  our  country's  joy  and  pride, 
Who  in  the  ftream  of  famion  thoughtlefs  glide.: 
No  modifh  lay,  no  melting  ftrain  of  love 
Is  here  pour'd  forth,  your  tender  hearts  to  move  ; 
Yet  think  not  envious  age  infpires  the  fong, 
Rejecting  all  our  earth-born  joys  as  wrong  : 
Think  me  no  Matron  ftern,  who  would  repreis 
Each  modern  grace,  each  harmlefs  change  of  drefs  ; 
But  one  whofe  heart  exults  to  join  the  band, 
Where  joy  and  innocence  go  hand  in  hand, 

*  This  and  the  following  pieces  stibfcribed  L  were  given 
me  by  the  friend  who  furnished  the  introductory  Letter  „• 
tnoft  of  them  have  been  already  published  either  in  the  Port 
F9liot  or  the  New-Fork  Evening  Poft, 


TO  MY  TOUNG  COUNTRYWOMEN.  107 

One  who,  while  modefty  maintains  her  place, 
(That  facred  charm  which  heightens  every  grace) 
Complacent  fees  your  robes  excel  the  fnow, 
Or  borrow  colours  from  the  painted  bow  ; 
But  dreads  the  threatened  hour  of  virtue's  flight, 
More  than  the  peftilence  which  walks  by  night. 
Say,  in  thofehalf  rob'd  bofoms  are  there  hid, 
No  thoughts  which  (liame  and  purity  forbid  ? 
Why  do  thofe  fine-wrought  veils  around  you  play, 
Like  mifts  which  fcarce  bedim  the  orb  of  day  ? 
What  mean  thofe  carelcfs  limbs,  that  confcious  air, 
At  which  the  modeft  blufh,  the  vulgar  ft  are  ? 
Can  fpotlefs  minds  endure  the  guilty  leer, 
The  fober  matron's  frowns,  the  witling's  fneer  ? 
Are  thefe  the  charms  which  in  this  age  refin'd, 
Enfure  applaufc,  and  captivate  the    mind  ? 
Are  thefe  your  boafted  powers,  are  thefe  the  arts 
Which  kindle  love,  and  chain  inconftant  hearts  ? 
Alas,  fome  angry  pow'r,  fome  demon's  Ikiil 
Has  wrought  this  ftrange  perverfity  of  will : 


108  TO  MY  YOUNG  COUNTRYWOMEN. 

For  fure  fome  foe  to  innocence  beguiles, 

When  harmlefs  doves  attempt  the  ferpent's  wiles, 

True,  fafhion's  laws  iier  ready  vot'ries  fcreen, 

And  ogling  beaux  exclaim,  Oh  goddefs,  queen  ! 

But  vile  the  praife  and  adoration  fought, 

By  arts  degrading  to  each  nobler  thought  •, 

A  bafe-born  Icve  thofe  notes  of  praife  infpires, 

That  incenfe  rifes  from  unhallowed  fires. 

If  deaf  while  {hnrne  and  purity  complain, 

If  rcafon's  gentle  voice  be  rais'd  in  vain, 

Thofe  flowers  you  cull  with  fuch  inftinctive  art, 

Shall  teach  the  charms  that  captivate  the  heart. 

The  flaunting  tulip  you  reject  with  fcorn, 

Its  hues  tho'  brilliant  as  the  tints  of  mora : 

But  fearch  with  care,  for  humbler  flowers  that  bloom 

Beneath  the  gvafs,  yet  fcatter  fweet  perfume  j 

The  buds  which  only  half  their  fweets  difclofe, 

*You  fondly  feize  *,  but  leave  the  full  blown  rofe. 

*Tbe  reader  ivho  does  not  perceive  the  beauty  and  delicacy 
of  theje  images^   is  not  qualified  to  receive  much  delight 
from  poetry.      E. 


TO  MY  YOUNG  COUNTRYWOMEN.  109 

Humble  the  praife,  and  trifling  the  regard, 

Which  ever  wait  upon  the  moral  bard ; 

But  there  remains  a  hateful  truth  unfung 

Which  bums  the  cheek,  and  faultcrs  on  the  tongue ; 

And  which,  if  modefly  dill  hover  round, 

Each  virgin  bread,  with  forrow  muft  confound  : 

"  Thofe  graceful  modes,"  thus  fay  your  flattering  beaux 

"  From  ancient  times  and  tafles  refin'd  arofe" 

Difgrace  not  thus  the  names  of  Greece  and  Rome  ; 

Their  biith-pl ace  muft  be  fought  for  nearer  home. 

Shame !  (hame!  heart-rending  thought!  deep  fuiking.ftain! 

That  Britain's  and  Columbia's  fair  fhould  deign  : 

Nay,  drive  their  native  beauties  to  enhance, 

By  arts  firft  taught  by  proftitutes  of  France.* 

Oh  modefly,  and  innocence  !   fweet  pair 
Of  dove-like  fitters  !  dill  attend  our  fair. 

*  Dr.  Barrow  in  his  Treatife  on  Education^  vol.  2,  p. 
305,  fays<>  "  Our  young  'women  are  probably  little  aware 
•<  that  the  fashionable  nakednefs  of  the  prefcnt  day,  IUM 
"  frft  adopted- in  this  country  in  imitation  of  the  rcvo- 
"  lutianary  proftitutes  of  France" 


110  TO  MY  YOUNG  COUNTRYWOMEN. 

Teach  them,  without  your  heavn'ly  influence, 

How  vain  the  charms  of  beauty,  or  of  fenfe, 

Inveft  them  with  your  radiance,  mild,  yet  bright, 

And  give  their  fparkling  eyes  a  fofter  light : 

Enchanting  dimples  on  their  cheeks  bellow, 

And  bid  them  with  a  purer  red  to  glow  : 

Let  winning  fmiles  too,  round  thofe  dimples  gleam, 

Like  fportive  moon-beams,  o'er  the  curling  ftream ; 

And  if  refentment  on  the  mufe  attend, 

From  thofe  me  loves,  and  truly  would  befriend  : 

Tell  them  how  cruel  and  urijuft  their  ire, 

How  pure  the  feelings,  which  thefe  lays  infpire  : 

How  oft  me  fighs,  thofe  beauties  to  impart, 

Which  charm  the  foul,  and  meliorate  the  heart. 


LINES 

ADDRESSED     TO    THE 

YOUXG   LADIES 

'  WHO    ATTENDED 

MR.  CHILTON'S   LECTURES 

IN  NATURAL  PHILOSOPHY 
ANN.   180t— 5. 


The  beads,  that  roam  o'er  Lybia's  defert  plain, 
Have  gentler  hearts  than  men  who  dare  maintain 
That  woman,  lovely  woman,  hath  no  foul, 
They  too  feem  drench'd  in  Circe's  pois'nous  bowl, 
Who  grant  the  fair  may  have  a  foul  to  fave, 
But  deem  each  female  born  an  abject  (lave. 
Give  me  the  maiden  of  unfetterred  mind, 
By  thought  and  knowledge  ftrengthen'd  and  reiin'd, 


112       TO  THE  YOUNG    LADIES  WHO  ATTENDED 

A  gift  like  this  more  precious  would  I  hold, 

Than  India's  gems  or  Afric's  pureft  gold. 

Ye  maids,  whofe  vows  to  fcience  are  addrefs'd, 

If  thus  your  minds  be  fafhion'd,  thus  impress'd, 

With  joy  your  courfe  purfue,  nor  heed  the  while, 

Envy's  malignant  grin,  nor  folly's  fmile  \ 

Trace  nature's  laws,  explore  the  ftarry  maze  ; 

Learn  why  the  lightnings  flafh,  or  meteors  blaz% 

From  Earth  to  Heaven  your  view  enquiring  dart, 

And  fee  how  order  reigns  in  every  part  : 

'Tis  fweet,  'tis  wholefome  to  frequent  this  fchool* 

Where  all  is  beauty  and  unerring  rule  ; 

But  ftrain'd  refearch  becomes  not  well  the  fair, 

Deep  thought  imparts  a  melancholy  air, 

The  fparkling  eye  grows  dim,  the  rofes  fade 

When  long  obfcur'd  beneath  the  fludious  fhade  : 

Suffice  it  for  a  tender  nymph  to  ftray, 

Where  ftrength  and  induftry  have  clear'd  the  way, 

To  cull  the  fruits  and  flowers,  which  blefs  the 

Endur'd  by  Newton,  Verulam,  or  Boyle. 


MR.  CHILTON'S  LECTURES.      113 

Yet  all  poflefs  not  fenfes  to  enjoy 

Thefe  flowers  fo  fair,  thefe  fruits  which  never  cloy. 

There  runs  through  all  things  that  our  powers  can  note 

A  golden  thread  that  links  the  moft  remote, 

There  is  a  kindred  feature  to  be  trac'd, 

In  things  moft  oppofite,  moft  widely  plac'd  ; 

In  matter  thus,  refembance  may  be  found, 

To  foaring  mind,  whofe  movements  own  no  bound, 

For  as  a  fluid  vainly  ftrives  to  fave 

A  heavier  mafs  from  finking  in  its  wave  ; 

So  in  the  mind  made  up  of  trifles  light, 

All  weighty  truths,  o'erwhelm'd,  fink  out  of  fighta 

A  while  perchance,  it  may  endure  to  feel 

A  fober  thought's  dread  weight,  as  poliuYd  fleel 

Dropp'd  gently  on  the  water's  face,  feems  loth 

To  fink,  but  'tis  repulfion  holds  them  both. 

Fair  Science,  how  thy  modeft  cheeks  would  glow, 
If  dragg'd  to  view,  in  fafliion's  puppet  fhow, 
'Midft  fops  and  feathers,  figns  and  painted  cheeks, 
Soft  maiden  bluflies,  and  itrange  maiden  freaks  : 
M  2 


114?      TO   THE  YOUNG  LADIES  WHO  ATTENDED 

'Midfl  fickening  pleafures,  wearifome  delights, 
Days  doom'd  to  liftnefsnefs,  and  fleeplefs  nights 
111  would'ft  thou  fare  amidfl  this  gaudy  train, 
Where  all  is  treacherous,  tranfitory,  vain  ! 
No,  no,  the  fair,  who  pant  for  joys  like  thefc, 
Not  wifdom's  richeft  ftores  of  wealth  could  pleafe, 
Let  Heaven  and  Earth,  for  them,  be  rul'd  by  chance, 
No  laws  they  heed,  but  thofe  which  rule  the  dance  ; 
Their  eyes  faft  fix'd  on  earth,  ne'er  love  to  roam, 
O'er  all  the  fplendors  of  the  flarry  dome, 
For  them,  no  Itcirs  e'er  (hone  (ince  time  began, 
With  half  the  glories  of  a  fpangled  fan. 

To  you,  ye  nymphs,  infpirers  of  my  fong, 
No  features  here  portray'd,  I  truft,  belong  j 
But  fliould  I  fee  a  girl  at  knowledge  aim, 
T>ecaufe  Philofophy's  a  handfome  name, 
Or  who  would  learn  becaufe  the  fafhion's  fo, 
And  beckon  fcience  as  Ihe  would  a  beau, 
This  truth  the  trifler  from  my  lips  fhould  know  : 


MR.  CHILTON'S  LECTURES.  115 

"  When  nature  {hall  forget  her  'ftablifh'd  laws, 
"  And  chance  take  place  of  an  omnifcient  caufe, 
"  When  every  creature  fome  ftrange  powers  (hall  know, 
"  That  cleaves  the  air,  or  treads  the  earth  below, 
"  When  bees,  forgetful  of  their  wonted  (kill, 
«  Shall  idly  flaunt,  while  butterflies  diftill 
«  The  liquid  fweets,  or  build  the  curious  cell, 
"  Then  may  true  wifdom  grace  a  fluttering  belle." 

L. 


LINES 
ON  COWPER  THE  POET, 

WRITTEN   AFTER  READING   THE  LIFE   OF    HIM 

BY    HAYLEY. 


Sweet  melancholy  Bard,  whofe  piercing  thought, 

Found  humbleft  themes  with  pure  inftruction  fraught, 

How  hard  for  mortal  fight  to  trace  the  ways 

Of  Heav'n,    throughout  thy  life's  myfterious  maze  j 

Why  was  it  order'd  that  thy  gentle  mind, 

Which  fancy  fired,  and  piety  refined, 

Should  in  this  guilty  world  be  forc'd  to  dwell, 

Like  fome  bafe  culprit  in  his  gloomy  cell, 

Rous'd  from  its  due  repofe  by  feverim  dreams, 

By  goblin  forms,  by  din  of  fancied  fcreams  ? 

Why  was  that  fertile  genius  wafte  and  chill'd 

By  wintry  blafts,  its  opening  bloflbms  kill'd  ? 


ON    COWPER    THE    POET.  117 

A  foil  where  Yemen's  fpicy  buds  might  blow, 

And  Perfia's  rofe  a  purer  fragrance  know  ! 

Why  bloom'd  fo  late,  thofe  fweet  poetic  flowers, 

Bleis'cl  by  no  fummer's  funs,  no  vernal  fhowers, 

Which  in  the  autumn  of  thy  days  were  rear'd 

By  friendfhip's  dew,  by  fickle  zephirs  cheer'd  ? 

I  hear  a  diftant  feraph  bid  me  "  hold, 

"  Nor  tempt  high  heaven  with  enquiries  bold, 

"  Weak  fighted  mortal,  canft  thou  not  difcern 

"  What  from  unaided  reafon  thou  mighfft  learn  ? 

"  Had  /ortune's  fun-beams  cheer'd  his  early  days, 

"  Amidfl  the  foft  favonian  breath  of  praife, 

"  Thofe  fruitful  virtues,  which  fprung  up  fo  fair, 

"  Thofe  bloflbms  breathing  odours  on  the  air, 

"  By  weeds  of  pride  and  vanity  o'ergrown, 

"  Unheeded  might  have  bloom'd  and  died  unknown. 

"  Prefumptuous  mortal,  'twould  become  thee  well, 

"  On  this  thy  fellow  mortal's  life  to  dwell ; 

"  For  in  his  breaft,  when  rack'd  by  fiercefl  woes, 

"  To  queftion  heav'n,  no  daring  thought  e'er  rofe  ; 


118  ON  COWPER  THE  POET. 

"  His  actions  vice  and  folly  view  with  fhame, 
"  His  precepts  foul-mouth'd  envy  dares  not  blame, 
«  His  well  Jov'd  image  ftill  calls  many  a  tear — 
«'  His  cherifh'd  name  all  ages  fhall  revere. 

L. 


LINES 


WRITTEN7  IN  NOVEMBER,  1805, 


The  fiends  of  peft,  that  from  their  dark  wings  flied 
Infectious  poifon  round,  at  length  are  fled  : 
Her  ftreaming  flag  Hygeia  waves  on  high, 
And  foars  triumphant  in  a  cloudlefs  sky  •, 
She  bids  new  fires  the  languid  eye  relume, 
The  faded  cheek  revive  in  freflier  bloom  : 
She  bids  warm  hope  elate  the  fainting  heart, 
And  pour  the  tide  of  life  thro'  every  part. 
Now  crowding  fails  the  harbour  fearlefs  greet, 
Sounds  with  loud  hum  the  late  deferted  flreet  -, 
A  fmile  of  joy,  each  brighten'd  vifage  wears, 
Nor  (hews  a  fingle  trace  of  recent  cares, 


120  WRITTEN  IN  NOVEMBER,  1805. 

Nor  thus  with  me  :  with  anxious  thought  I  turn 

Where  widows  weep,  and  lonely  orphans  mourn  j 

Still  on  my  fancy  dwell  the  fcenes  of  woe, 

Whence  gum  their  tears,  and  lading  forrows  flow. 

He,  whofe  ftrong  nerves  were  brac'd  with  health  at  night, 

Feels  the  fwift  peft,  before  returning  light, 

A  morbid  yellow  ipread  o'er  all  the  fkin, 

Declares  the  pangs  that  rage  and  wafle  within  : 

Death  rolls  a  burning  tide  thro'  every  vain, 

And  drives  his  phantoms  'crofs  the  wilder'd  brain : 

Th'  affrighted  neighbors  fly  the  tainted  ground, 

And  horrid  filence  reigns  o'er  all  around  j 

All  aid  is  fruitlefs,  vain  is  e^ery  care 

And  hope  foon  yields  to  uncontrolPd  difpair. 

E'er  the  fhrill  (hriek  proclaims  he  is  no  more, 

Th'  impatient  hearfe  already  haunts  the  door  : 

In  a  rude  cheft,  the  corfe  yet  warm,  is  plac'd, 

The  hardened  driver  fpeeds  with  cruel  hafte ; 

In  a  loofe  pit,  the  corfe  yet  warm,  is  thrown, 

Deck'd  with  no  turf,  by  no  memorial  known  ; 


WRITTEN    IN    NOVEMBER,    1805.  l2 

No  rites  are  paid  :  no  mournful  train  attends, 

Nor  o'er   the  grave,  in  pious  anguifh  bends 

Such  are  the  fcencs  that  fix  the  wandering  mufe, 
And  the  heart  bleeds  at  what  the  fancy  views  : 

And  tho*  the  fears,  which  late  appall'd  my  bread, 
For  thofe  dear  lives,  in  which  my  own  is  bleft, 
Have  ceab'd  to  act,  a  pious  a\ve  remains, 
Which  bows  the  foul,  and  o'er  the  fancy  reigns, 
Which  turns,  from  fcenes  of  idle  mirth,  the  view, 
And  gives  to  every  thought,  a  folemn  hue. 

So  when  a  florm  collects,  whofe  gathered  gloom 
Lightnings  alone,  with  fitful  flafh,  illume  : 
If  chance,  half  blinded  by  the  tranfient  blaze, 
O'er  the  wide  heath,  a  peafant,  fearful,  ftrays  : 
Tho'  paft  the  ftorm,  he  reach  his  cot  unharm'd, 
Not  yet  fubfide  the  thoughts,  that  late  alarm'd, 
And  while  hi ,  children  joyful  crowd  his  chair, 
He  lifts  to  God,  who  fav'd,  the  folemn  prayer. 


VERSES 
ADDRESSED  TO  A  LADT, 

Who  maintained  that  there  is  more  happinefs  in  general 
at  an  advanced  period  of  life,  than  in  childhood. 

Thy  dimpled  girls,  and  rofy  boys 
Rekindle  in  thy  heart  the  joys, 

That  blefs'd  thy  tender  years  ; 
Unheeded  fleet  the  hours  away  ; 
For  while  thy  cherubs  round  thee  play, 

New  life  thy  bofom  cheers. 

Once  more,  thou  tell'fl  me,  I  may  tafte, 
E'er  envious  time  this  frame  (hall  wafte, 

My  infant  pleafures  flown. 
Ah  !  there's  a  ray  of  luftre  mild 
Illumes  the  bofom  of  a  child, 

To  age,  alas  !  fcarce  known  t 


ADDRrSSED   TO    A    LADY.  123 

Not  for  my  infant  pleafures  pad 

I  mourn  :  thofe  joys,  which  flew  fo  faft, 

They  too  had  many  a  ftain  ; 
But  for  the  mind  fo  pure  and  light, 
Which  made  thofe  joys  fo  fair,  fo  bright, 

I  figh,  and  figh  in  vain. 

Well  I  remember  you,  bleft  hours  I 

Your  fun-beams  bright,  your  tranfient  fhowcrs— 

Thoughtlefs  I  faw  you  fly  j 
For  diflant  ills  then  caus'd  no  dread, 
Nor  car'd  I  for  the  moments  fled, 

For  mem'ry  call'd  no  figh. 

My  parents  dear  then  rul'd  each  thought, 
No  blame  I  fear'd,  no  praife  I  fought, 

But  what  their  love  beflow'd  : 
Full  foon  I  learnt  each  meaning  loot, 
Nor  e'ef  the  angry  glance  miftook, 

For  that  where  rapture  glow'd. 


ADDRDSSED    TO    1    LADY. 


'Twas  then  when  evening  call'd  to  reft, 
I'd  feek  a  father  to  requeft 

His  benediction  mild  : 
A  Mother's  love  more  loud  would  fpeak, 
With  kifs  on  kifs  (he'd  print  my  cheek, 

And  blefs  her  darling  child. 

Thy  lighted  milts,  and  clouds,  fvveet  Sleep  1 

Thy  pureft  opiates,  thou  doft  keep, 

• 

On  infancy  to  fhcd  j 
No  guilt  there  checks  thy  foft  embrace, 
And  not  e'en  tears  and  fobs  can  chafe 

Thee  from  an  infant's  bed. 

The  trickling  tears  which  flow'd  at  night, 
Oft  had  thou  day  d,  'till  morning  light 

Difpell'd  my  little  woes  ; 
So  fly  before  the  fun-beams  pow'r 
The  remnants  of  the  evening  fhow'r* 

Which  wet  the  early  rofe. 


ADDRESSED    TO    A    LADY. 

Farewell  bled  hours  !  full  faft  ye  flew, 
And  that,  which  made  your  blifs  fo-  true, 

Ye  would  not  leave  behind  ; 
The  glow  of  youth  ye  could  not  leave, 
Cut  why,  why  cruelly  bereave 

Me  of  my  artlefs  mind  ? 

The  fair  unwrinkl'd  front  of  youth, 
The  vermeil  cheek,  the  fmile  of  truth, 

Deep  lines  of  care  foon  mark  ; 
But  can  no  power  preferve  the  foul, 
Unwarp'd  by  pleafu.e's  foft  controul, 

Uumov'd  by  paflions  dark  ? 

Thefe  changes  which  o'ertake  our  frame, 
Ahs  !  are  emblems  of  the  fame  , 

Which  on  our  foul  attend  ; 
Yet  who  reviews  the  courfe  he'h  run 
But  thinks  where  life  once  more  begun, 

Unfpotted  it  ihould  end. 
N     2 


126  ADDRESSED    TO    A    LADY. 

Vain  thought !  the  evening's  firm  refolve 
We  break  ere  morning  clouds  diflblve, 

1  hen  boaft  the  life  we'd  led, 
Would  heav'n  but  infancy  reftore  : 
Thus  o'er  an  idle  dream  we  pore, 

But  flight  the  waking  deed. 

Fond  Mother  !  hope  thy  bofom  warms, 
That  on  the  prattler  in  thy  arms, 

Heav'n's  choiceft  gifts  will  flow  : 
Thus  let  thy  prayer  inceflant  rife, 
Content,  if  he  who  rule>  the  ikies, 

But  half  the  boon  beftow. 

«  O  thou,  whofe  view  is  ne'er  eftrangM 
"  From  innocence,  preferve  unchang'd 

«  Through  life  my  darling's  mind  ; 
«  Unchang'd  its  truth  and  purity, 
«  Still  fearlefs  of  futurity, 

"  Still  artlefs,  though  refin'd. 


ADDRESSED   TO    A    LADT.  *      127 

«  As  oft  his  anxious  nurfe  has  caught 
«  And  fav  d  his  little  hand,  that  fought 

"  The  bright,  but  treach'rous  blaze  : 
"  So  may  fair  wifdom  keep  him  fure 
"  From  glitt'ring  vices  which  allure 

"  Through  life's  delufive  maze. 

"  Oh  may  the  ills,  which  man  surround, 
«  Like  paffmg  fhadows  on  the  ground, 

"  Obfcure,  not  ftain  my  boy  ! 
"  Then  may  he  gently  drop  to  reft, 
"  Calm  as  a  child  by  deep  opprefl, 

"  And  wake  to  ciidlefs  joy. 


LINES  TO  PETROSA, 


charms,  Petrofa,  which  infpire 
Unnnmber'd  fwains  to  chant  thy  praife, 
Bid  me  too  join  the  tuneful  choir, 
My  faint  and  tim'rous  voice  to  raife. 

And  though  more  lofty  fongs  invite, 
Regard,  for  once,  an  humble  fwain, 
The  warbling  thrufh  can  oft  delight. 
More  than  the  fkylark's  louder  ftrain. 

Thy  heav'nly  form,  thy  virtues  too* 

In  notes  of  praife  afcend  the  fkies  •, 

To  opening  charms,  which  ftrike  the  view,, 

Unceafing  afpirations  rife. 


LINES   TO   PETRCSl.'  129 

But  midd  thefc  charms  by  all  confeft, 
One  fault  thy  hopelefs  fwains  declare  ; 
A  heart  there  dwell:;  within  that  bread. 
Which  knows  no  love,  which  heeds  no  prayer. 

Dcfpondent  fighs,  and  notes  of  pain 
Delight,  they  fay,  Petrofa's  ear  : 
To  fue  for  pity  were  as  vain, 
As  from  the  rocks  to  ask  a  tear. 

Oh  fenfclefs  throng  !  that  callous  bread 
Proclaims  her  nature's  favor'd  child 
While  others  pine,  with  love  oppreft, 
Her  thoughts  are  free,  her  flumbers  mild. 

And  all  that  foftnefs  which  gives  grace, 
And  honor  to  the  female  heart, 
Though  didant  from  its  wonted  place, 
She  harbors  in  a  nobler  part. 


130  JuINES   TO   PETROSA. 

For  though  that  heart  to  every  found, 
Which  would  companion  move,  be  dull, 
The  foftnefs,  which  fhould  there  be  found, 

Kind  nature  granted  to  her skull. 

L. 


A  SONG. 


No  more  glows  the  weft,  with  the  fun's  parting  beams, 
The  (hadows  of  even  defcend  o'er  the  fcene, 
The  moon,  her  mild  light,  thro'  the  blue  heaven  dreams, 
And  the  filver  rays  tremble  the  branches  between. 

Tis  here  in  this  filent  recefs  of  the  grove, 
Where  the  ftreamlet's  foft  voice  alone  meets  the  ear ; 
Tis  here  that  1  wait,  anxiouj  wait,  for  my  love— 
And  the  leaves'  gentle  ruitle  gives  hoe  p  (lie  is  near. 

I  fee,  thro*  the  tall  trees,  her  fairy  form  glide, 
A  white  flowing  robe  lightly  veils  o'er  her  charms, 
While  my  eyes  dill  purfue  her,  (he  darts  to  my  fide— 
With  quick  tranfport  I  rife,  and  am  preil  in  her  arms. 


A    SONG. 


The  vows,  that  fo  often  have  pafs'd,  I  renew, 
She  hears,  fhe  approves,  with  a  fweet  trufting  (mile, 
And  curft  be  the  wretch,  who,that  fweet  fmile,  could  view, 
And  a  thought  entert  in  of  deception  or  guile. 

I  fwear  by  the  light,  which  now  foftens  the  grove, 
That  light  fo  propitious  !   to  lovers  fo  dear  ! 
I  woujd  fooner  lofe  life,  than  lofe  Anna'   love  — 
I  would  fooner  lofe  life,  th.in  caufe  Anna  a  tear. 


ANACREON, 

ODE    37, 
BARNES'  EDITION. 


See  Spring  advance,  with  lightfome  pace, 
Joyful  mien,  and  blufhing  face  ! 
Murk  the  Graces,  in  her  train, 
Scattering  rofes  o'er  the  plain  ! 
As  in  his  troubled  ftream  they  lave, 
See  old  Ocean  fmooth  his  wave  ! 
The  bird  that  fled  from  winter's  fight, 
Returning    fpeds  his  homeward  flight  , 
The  darken  d  fun  repairs  his  beams, 

And  now  in  all  his  fplendor  flumes. 
o 


134<  ANACREON — ODE    37. 

No  longer  ftorms  deface  the  year  •, 
Again  the  ruftic's  toils  appear  ; 
Frefh-fpringing  flowers  deck  the  vale, 
And  breathe  a  rich  and  fragrant  gale  ; 
With  leafy  honors  crown'd  once  mote, 
The  olive  guards  his  rip'ning  {lore  ; 
The  gadding  vine  o'erfpreads  the  ground, 
And  weaves  his  flexile  arms  around  ; 
The  grape,  with  purple  juice,  'gins  fwell, 
The  juice,  whofe  joys  I  love  to  tell. 


IMITATION1. 

AMERICAN  SPRING. 


See  Spring  advance,  with  changeful  face, 
Diforder'J  mien,  and  trembling  pace  ! 
Now  on  the  turf  ihe  loves  to  red, 
And  deck  with  op'ning  flow'rs  her  bread  ; 
She  moves,  and  verdure  fpreads  the  ground, 
She  fmiles,  and  nature  fmiles  around  : 

But  foon  dark  frowns  her  face  deform, 
She  calls  again  the  winter-itorm  ; 
He  drives  his  blails  acrofs  the  fcene, 
And  withers  all  its  riling  green. 


136  IMITATION. 

Now  reigns  the  Sun,  in  perfect  day, 
And  Earth,  exulting,  owns  his  fway  ; 
And  now,  mvolv  d  in  clouds,  retires, 
And  burns  with  ineffectual  fires. 

The  fearful  ruftic  feeks  his  field, 

Which  hope  fcarce  tells,  what  crop  (hall  yield, 

V/ith  anxious  look,  regards  the  fky, 

And  hardly  dares  his  labor  ply. 

The  trees,  fcarce  flrew'd  with  leaves,  appear. 
And  feern  the  coming  blaft  to  fear  : 
No  poet  chaunts  his  "  wood  notos  wild," 
Nor  haunts  the  grove  «  rapt  fancy's  child." 

Yet  Spring,  tho'  changeful  be  thy  face, 
In  every  change  thou  haft  a  grace, 
A  grace,  that  in  my  partial  eyes, 
Excels  the  charm  of  Afian  fkies. 


AXACREON, 

ODE  39, 

BARNES*    EDITION. 


\V~hen  I  quiff  rich  generous  wine, 
I  feel,  at  once,  a  glow  divine  ; 
Poflefs'd  with  all  the  mufe's  fire, 
Strike,  with  rapid  hand,  the  lyre. 

"When  I  quaff  the  mantling  bowf, 
Care  and  grief  defert  the  foul, 
All  anxious  thoughts  are  put  to  flight, 
As  clouds  before  the  morning  light. 

When  the  mantling  bowl  I  quaff, 
Jjlly  Bacchus  prompts  the  laugh, 
Rolls  me  o'er  midft  fragrant  flowers, 
And  fleeps  in  mirth  the  carelefs  hours. 
o  2 


1S8  ANACREON ODE  39. 

When  I  quaff  rich  generous  wine, 
A  chap'et  round  my  brows  I  twine 
And  fing  to  each  enraptur'd  gueft, 
The  pleafures  of  a  life  of  reft. 

When  I  quaff  the  mantling  bowl, 
The  God  of  love  invades  my  foul ; 
I  feel,  I  feel  the  fair  one's  charms, 
And  lofe  my  fenfes  in  her  arms. 

When  in  cups  of  ample  fize, 
The  fparkling  juice  attracts  my  eyes, 
I  joy,  where  youth  and  wit  invite, 
To  pafs  in  focial  mirth  the  night. 

*  Remote  from  care  and  public  flrife, 
Thefe  are  the  joys,  which  fweeten  lifer 
Thefe  bleffings  to  my  (hare  ftill  fall, 
Tho'  death  may  come,  who  comes  to  all. 


TRANSLATION 

OF  ONE  OF  THE    CHORUSES 
IN  THE 

PROMETHEUS  OF  AESCHYLUS 


Prometheus  is  reprefented  as  chained  to  a  rock,  by 
the  command  of  Jupiter  for  having  conveyed  fire  from 
heaven  and  taught  the  ufe  of  it  to  men  :  for  having 
alfo  inftructed  them  in  many  ufeful  arts,  of  which  it 
had  been  decreed  that  they  (hould  remain  ignorant. 
The  chorus  is  compofed  of  Sea-Nymphs,  who  addrefs 
him  as  follows  : 

Oh  may  no  thought  of  mine  e'er  move, 
The  vengeance  of  almighty  Jove  ! 
Ne'er  (hall  my  incenfe  ceafe  to  rife, 
Due  to  the  powers  who  rule  the  fkies, 


140  TRANSLATION. 

From  all  the  watery  domains, 
O'er  which  my  father  Ocean  reigns  ; 
And  till  his  towery  billows  ceafe 
To  roll,  luliM  in  eternal  peace, 
Ne'er  Ihali  an  impious  word  of  mine, 
I;i\;verence  mark  to  power  divine. 

Lightly  flew  my  former  days, 
With  not  a  cloud  to  dim  the  rnys 
Of  hope,  which  promis'd  peace  to  fend, 
A. id  golden  pleafures  without  end. 
Bat  what  a  blaft  now  mars  my  blifs, 
Prometheus,  at  a  fcene  like  this. 
While  thus  thy  tortures  I  behold, 
I  [hudderat  the  thoughts  fo  bold, 
Which  could  impel  thee  to  withfland 
For  mortal  man,  Jove's  dread  command, 

Where  now  the  aid  from  mortals  due 
For  all  thy  deeds  of  love  fo  true  2 


TRANSLATION. 

Alas  !  their  fhadowy  ftrength  is  vain, 
As  dreums  which  haunt  the  feverM  brain  ; 
Ah  !  how  fhouM  fleeting  {hades  like  thefe 
Refiil  almighty  Jove's  decrees  ? 

Such  thoughts  will  rife,  fuch  drains  will  flow 
Prometheus,  at  thy  bitter  woe. 
How  different  was  the  drain  I  fang, 
When  round  thy  bridal  chamber  rang 
The  voices  of  the  choral  throng, 
Who  pour'd  the  hymeneal  fong 
To  thee,  and  to  thy  joy,  thy  pride, 
Hefione,  thy  blooming  bride. 


WAR  SONG, 

FROM    THE    GREEK    OF 

TYRTVEUS. 


Habemus  etiam  Tyrttei  illius  reliquas,  qui 

«  mares  anhnos  in  martia  bella 
«  Verfibus  exacuit." 

Omnes,  de  bellica  fortitudine,  de  patrix  amore,  de 
immortal!  gloria  virorum  in  acie  ftrenue  occumbenti- 
um,  quse  timidis  etiam  audaciam  addere  poflent ;  qui- 
bus  Lacaedsemonios  debititatos  jamdudum  fractosque 
aniino,  ad  certam  fpem  victorbe  erexit. 

LO\VTH,  de  Sac.  Poe.  Heb.  Prselec  1,  p.  16. 


Spartans,  roufe,  your  country  calls, 
Children,  Wives,  your  aid  demand  ; 

Curft  the  wretch,  whom  fear  appals, 
Save,  oh  !  fave  your  native  land. 


WAR  SONG. 

With  foul-fraught  ardor,  feck  the  fight, 
And  (lied  your  blood,  with  proud  delight, 
Prefs  forward,  in  compacted  band, 
And  death  prefer  to  ihameful  flight. 
Each  advancing  choofe  his  foe, 

*  Fix  the  teeth,  and  knit  the  brow, 
Strain  the  finews,  fwell  the  breaft, 
Shake  horror  from  the  lofty  creft  ; 

With  ftrong  ri^ht  hand,  the  faulchion  wield, 
Set  foot  to  foot,  and  fliield  to  ihield  j 

*  Stiffen  the  ftneivsj  fummon  up  the  blood  — 
Now  fit  the  teeth)  and  Jlrctch  the  noftrilt  wide, 
Hold  hard  the  breath  and  b^nd  up  every  fpirit 
To  his  full  height. 

HEN.   5.  A.   2,  S.   2. 


Before  the  publication  of  Dr.  Farmer  s  EJfa^  this 
coincidence  might  have  been  adJuced  with  fome  plauftbility, 
as  a  proof  of  Sh  ah/  pc  are's  knowledge  and  imitation  of  the 
ancients  —  It  does  indeed  prove  thut  both  pjcts  Qbjcr<ued  na 
ture  with  equal  accuracy. 


-==<_ 


•  WAR  SON&, 

As  the  foe  approaches  near, 
Wrench  his  fword,  or  weighty  fpear, 
In  mighty  grafp,  entwine  him  round, 
And  hurl  him,  ftruggling,  to  the  ground, 

Know,  that  the  man,  whofe  facred  fword 
Is  drawn  to  guard  his  native  land, 

Tho'  forc'd  from  light,  by  Mars  abhorr'd, 

To  wander  o'er  the  Stygian  ftrand, 
Does  not  die  ;   tho'  earth  receive 
His  corfe,  his  glory  (till  (hall  live  ; 
Tho'  ftretch'd,  and  dull,  and  cold  he  lie, 
He  triumphs  (till,  and  DOEO  AOT  DIE. 


ODE 

FROM    THE   SPANISH    OF    GARCILASO    DE    LA    VEGA 


How  bled  is  he,  who  free  from  care 
Inhales  the  country's  wholefome  air, 

'Midft  folitude  and  fhade  ; 
Who  from  his  brenft  each  anxious  thought 
Drives  far  away,  nor  harbors  aught, 

That  can  his  peace  invade. 

The  haughty  threfholds  of  the  great, 
Their  crowded  halls,  and  lordly  ftate 

No  longer  ho  frequents  ; 
Nor  on  the  falfe  and  flattering  race, 
Who  hunger  after  power  or  place, 

His  indignation  vents. 

P 


14-6  ©DE    FROM    THE    SPANISH. 

He's  now  no  more  oblig'd  to  feign, 
To  afk,  to  tremble,  or  complain, 

As  fuits  the  changing  hour  ; 
But  free  in  thought,  in  word,  and  deed, 
Directs  his  fteps  as  chance  may  lead, 

And  dreads  no  lordling's  power. 

Thofe  objects,  that  are  wont  infpire 
So  many  breads  with  wild  defire, 

He  views  with  calm  difdain  : 
Carelefs  alike  of  wealth  and  place, 
He  fcorns  to  join  the  fordid  race, 

A  worthlefs  prize  to  gain. 

Beneath  the  oak  or  chefnut's  (hade, 
Whofe  branches  canopy  the  glade, 

In  mufing  wrapt  he  lies  •, 
Or  marks  the  quiet  herds  that  rove 
Wide  fcatter'd  thro'  the  neighb'ring  grove, 

And  feafts  his  roving  eyes. 


ODE    FROM    THE    SPANISH.  1*T 

Thro*  pebbly  channels  limpid  flows 
A  itre.\m,  which  Toothing  to  repofe, 

In  murmur-  glides  along. 
While  birds  who  own  no  matter's  fwny, 
\Varble  their  fweet,  tho'  untaught  ky, 

And  pour  the  varied  fong. 

With  bufy  hum  the  bee  now  plies 
From  tender  flower  to  flower,  and  flies 

With  fragrant  load  oppreft — 
While  all  that  can  compofe  the  mind, 
The  ruftling  leaves,  the  whifp'ring  wind, 

Invite  the  foul  to  reft. 

N. 


TRANSLATIONS  FROM  TASSO. 


The  following  tranflations  from  the  u  Jerufalem 
Delivered,"  afpire  to  little  more  than  the  praife  of 
faithful,  and  indeed  almoft  literal  interpretation,  if 
upon  comparifon,  they  mould  be  found  to  convey  a  juft- 
er  reprefentation  of  the  original,  than  the  correfponding 
paflages  of  Mr.  Hoole's  Verfion,  the  fupenority  muft 
be  afcribed  to  the  peculiar  fitnefs  of  blank  verfe,  as 
the  medium  of  tranfiation,  where  the  origin?.!  is  A> 
remarkably  diftinguimed  by  energy,  majefty,  and  fim- 
plicity  of  ft  He  ;  qualities,  v/liivn,  it  C^not  be  denied, 
are  more  eafily  attained  or  prefcrved  in  blank  verfe, 
than  in  rhyme.  It  muft,  in  a  great  meafure,  be  owing 
to  his  choice  of  the  latter,  that  Mr.  Hoole  is  moft 
deficient  in  thofe  particulars,  in  which  TaiTo  chiefly 
excels.*  The  fubject  naturally  fuggefts  a  remark, 

*  //  may  be  objected  that  Taffo  hlmf'lf  made  choice  of 
rhyme  ;   but  it  should  be  recollected,  that  the  Italian  octave 
ftanza  is  fufceptible  of  nearly  as  m.ich  eafe  anl  variety 
'  cu  blank  verfe. 


TRANSLATIONS   FROM    T1SSO.  H9 

which  modern  readers  and  writers  of  poetry  would 
bear  perpetually  in  mind ;  it  is,  that  Homer,  Tuflb, 
and  M.iton,  the  inoft  fubli  ,,e  and  impreflive  of  poets, 
are  at  the  fame  time  the  mod  fimple  in  their  ftyle, 
and  the  moil  fparing  in  the  ufe  of  epithets. 


God  fends  Gabriel  to  the  city  of  Tortofa  to  com 
mand  Godfrey  to  aflemble  and  roufe  to  action  the 
Chriftian  leaders,  and  to  inform  him  of  his  appoint 
ment  to  the  chief  command. 

GilR.    LIB.    CAN.    1,    ST.    13 15. 

Thus  (pake  th'  Omnipotent  ;  and  Gabriel  ftraight 
Prepared  to  execute  his  dread  beheiL 
His  angel  form  invifible,  with  air 
He  cloath'd,  and  to  the  fight  obtufe  of  man 
Subjecting,  feign'd  a  human  fhape  and  face, 
Which  (till  celeftial  majefty  retain'd. 
He  feems,  not  yet  a  youth,  nor  ftill  a  child," 
P      2 


150  TRANSLATIONS    FROM    TASSO* 

And  round  his  locks,  a  radiant  glory  plays  ; 
His  wings,  of  pureft  white,  are  tipt  with  gold, 
Upborne  on  thefe,  in  fwifteft  flight,  he  parts 
The  wind  and  cloud  ;  on  these,  fublime,  he  foars 
O'er  earth  and  fea,  unconfcious  of  fatigue. 
When  thus  array'd,  the  herald  of  the  fkies, 
Towards  this  low  earth,  obedient,  bent  his  way  ; 
O'er  mount  Libanus  firft,  his  rapid  courfe, 
On  equal  balanced  wings  upheld,  he  check'd  j 
Then  down  directed  to  Tortofa's  plain 
His  flight  precipitate.     The  glorious  fun, 
Now  juft  emerging  from  the  eaftern  coaft, 
Was  ftill,  in  part,  beneath  the  waves  conceal'd, 
And  Godfrey,  as  his  pious  ufe  requir'd, 
Addrefs'd  his  orifons  to  heav'n,  when  lo  ! 
From  th'  eaftern  fky,  and  with  the  rifing  fun, 
Tho'  brighter  far,  the  meffenger  of  Heav'n 
Appear'd,  and  thus  the  chriftian  chief  befpake. 

N. 


TRANSLATIONS    FROM    T1SSO.  151 

Armida  having  endeavoured,  in  vain,  to  prevent  the 
departure  of  Rinaldo  from  the  enchanted  Ifland,  vents 
her  indignation  in  the  molt  paflionate  exclamations 
and  returns  to  her  palace  vowing  revenge  on  her  faith- 
lefs  lover. 

Impetuous  thus,  with   interrupted  voice, 

She  raves,  as  from  the  folitary  fhore 

She  turns  her  fteps.     Her  wild  difhevell'd  locks, 

Her  rolling  eyes,  and  face  with  rage  inflam'd, 

Declare  the  furies  that  pofleft>  her  bread. 

Now  to  her  pabce  come,  with  direful  voice, 

Three  hundred  hellim  fpirits  (he  invokes  ; 

The  fun  grows  pale  ;  dark  clouds  involve  the  fky, 

And  ruming  whirlwinds  make  the  mountain  tops  ; 

Lo  !   from  beneath  infernal  founds  proceed, 

And,  frequent,  thro'  the  ample  halls  are  heard, 

Hifles,  and  howls,  and  fhrieks,  and  fearful  yells  ; 

O'er  all  a  more  than  midnight  darknefs  broods, 

Thro'  which  no  mingl'ing  ray  is  feen,  fave  when 

The  light'nmj's  flam  gleams  thro'th'  obfcure  profound  ; 


152  TRANSLATIONS   FROM   TASSO, 

The  (hades  at  length  difpers'd,  again  the  fun, 
While  noxious  vapours  ftill  opp/efs  the  air, 
Reftores  his  pale,  and  yet  uncertain  light : 
No  palace  now  appears,  not  e'en  a  trace, 
To  mark  the  fpot  where  late  it  flood,  remains. 
As  when  in  clouds  fantaflic  forms  are  feen, 
Arid  air-built  piles  of  fhort  endurance, 
Which  the  wind  difperfes,  or  the  fun  difTolves, 
Or  as  the  fancies  of  a  fick  man's  brain, 
So  vanim'd  quite  the  palace  j  nought  remains, 
But  alpine  rocks,  in  native  horrors  clad. 

Ger.  Lib.  Can.  16,  S.  68,  7 1, 
N. 


TRANSLATIONS   FROM    TASSO.  15$ 

Ifmeno,  the  Pagan  Sorcerer,  to  deprive  the  Chris 
tians  of  all  means  of  repairing  their  warlike  engines, 
enchants  the  wood  which  had  fupplied  them  with  tim 
ber,  and  from  which  alone  it  could  be  procured. 

In  a  lone  valley,  from  the  chriflian  tents 

Not  far  remov'd,  afcends  a  lofty  wood, 

Whofc  clofe-rang'd  trees,  in  ancient  rudenefs  wild, 

O'er  all  around  diffufe  a  fearful  made. 

Here,  when  the  noontide  fun  (limes  brighteft,  dwell* 

A  fad.  uncertain,  glooming  light* ;  like  that 

Which  doubtful  breaks  thro'  Ikies  by  clouds  obfcur'd, 

When  day  to  night  fucceeds,  or  night  to  day  ; 

But  when  the  fun  withdraws  his  beams,  here  foon 

Prevail  impenetrable  gloo.n,  and  night, 

And  horrors  like  th'  infernil,  which   the  fenfe 

Opprefs  with  blindnefs,  and  appal  the  foul. 

Hither  no  (hepherd  e'er,  no  herdfman  guides 

*  «  A  little  glooming  light  much  like  a  shade  " 

Spencer,  Fairy  Queen,  Can.  11. 


154»  TRANSLATIONS    FROM    TASSO, 

His  flocks  his  herds  or  food  or  {hade  to  feek. 
No  trav'ller  here,  lave  when  bewilder'd,  treads  ; 
But  feeks  a  d:  riant  path,  and  marks  with  awe. 
Hither,  by  night,  the  witching  hags,  in  crowds, 
Each  by  her  paramour  attended,  come  ; 
They  come  by  clouds  upborne,  this  under  ihape. 
Of  hideous  ferpent,  this  of  goat  deform'd. 
Shamelefs  aflembly  !   which   the  fhadow  vain 
Of  fancied  good,  thus  ufcs  to  allure, 
With  filthy  (how,  and  vile,  to  celebrate 
Its  impious  nuptial  rites,  and  feails  profane. 
Thus  flood  belief  ;  and  none  that  dwelt  around 
This  dreaded  wood,  had  ever  torn  a  branch  ; 
Its  facred  (hades  the  Franks  (for  hence  alone 
Might  they  their  engines  rear,)  firil  dar'd  invade. 
Hither,  of  night  the  filence  deep  and  apt 
Awaiting,  came  Ismeno,  on  the  night 
Next  that  on  which  the  tow'r,  that  threatening  hung 
O'er  Siorv  s  walls,  in  flaming  ruin  fell, 


TRANSLATIONS    TROM    TASSO.  155 

And  trac'd  lr-  ,  .  ul  the  Tigris  imprefs'd. 

And  now  ungirt,  with  one  foot  bare,  recelvM 

Within  the  round,  he  mutterM  forceful  fpells  ; 

Thrice  to  the  E.ilt  his  face  he  turn'd,  and  thrice 

Survey'd  the  realms,  where  finks  the  fetting-  fun  ; 

And  thrice  that  w.md  he  (hook,  with  which  the  dead 

Evoking  from  their  tombs,  he  oft  compels 

*lo  live  and  move  again  ;  with  naked  foot 

Thrice  ftruck  the  ground  ;  then  fhouting  loud  exclaim'd, 

"  Hear,  hear,  O  ye,  who  from  the  (tarry  fphere, 

c<  By  founding  ILhtnings,  were  precipitate 

"  Hurl'd  down  ;  as  well,  ye,Jwho  the  ftorm  excite, 

«'  A  id  tempelt,  wand'ring  habitants  of  air; 

"  As  ye,  who  minifter  to  finful  fouls 

«  The  caufe  of  endlefs  woe,  inhabitants 

"  Of  Erebus,   I  here  invoke  your  aid  •, 

«  And  thine,  dread  king  of  Hades'  flaming  bounds  ; 

«  Take  in  ftrict  charge  this  foreft,  and  thefe  tr ,>es, 

"  Which,  number'd,  to  your  care  I  now 


156  TRANSLATIONS   FROM   TASSO, 

«  As  to  the  foul,  the  body  both  abode 

"  Supplies,  and  vefture,  fo  fhall  unto  you 

"  Thefe  trunks,  that  thus  the  Franks  far  hence  may  flee, 

"  At  leaft  the  axe  withhold,  and  dread  your  rage." 

He  faid  ;  and  words  fo  horrible  fubjoin'd, 

As  none  but  i    pious  tongue  may  da  e  repeat ; 

At  which  the  lights  adorning  the  ferene 

Of  night  fhine  dimly ;  and  the  troubled  moon, 

Her  horns  in  clouds  involving,  difappears. 

He  then,  enrag'd,  with  fhouts  redoubled,  cries  : 

"  Invoked  fpirits,  do  ye  ftill  refufe 

"  Your  prefence  ?   whence  this  long  delay  ?  perhapij 

«  Sounds  yet  more  potent,  more  occult,  ye  wait  ? 

"  Nor  have  I  yet  forgotten,  thro'  difufe, 

"  The  fureft  method  of  the  direful  art ; 

«  Still  do  I  know,  from  mouth  with  blood  defil'd, 

"  To  fpeak  that  gre'At,  that  dreaded  name,  at  which 

«"  Hell  dares  i  ot  deaf  or  obftmate  remain  5 

"  Nor  Pluto's  felf  be  careieis  to.  obey. 


TRANSLATIONS    FROM    TASSO.  157 

«  What  thus?  what  thus?"  Yet  more  he  would  have  faid, 
But  ftraight  he  knew  the  charm  comp  etely  form'd. 
*  Unnumber'd  fpirits  came  and  countlefs  ;  fome, 
Who  wand'ring  dwelt  amid  the  fields  of  air, 
And  fome,  forth  ifluing  from  the  gloomy  caves 
Profound  of  earth,  with  tardy  motion  came  ; 
The  high  decree  yet  dreading,  which  their  ufe 
Of  armed  fight  forbad  •,  but  thus  to  come, 
Did  not  prevent,  nor  in  thefe  trees  to  dwell. 

GLR.    LID.    CAN.    13.       S.    2 11, 

N. 

*  Innnmerabill  infniti.  Several  injlances  cf  the  adoption 
of  this  Italian  idiom,  if  I  am  not  greatly  tnifakcn,  are 
to  be  Jcui.ci  .?*  A+utofi  tlo  2  cantiOt  readily  tui  n  to  the. 
pajjages.  Ed. 


BONNETS— T 


SONNET 


FROM    PETRARCH — I 


Zefrotorna,  e'l  bel  tempo  rimena. 


Now  Spring  returns,  and  lead    her  fmiling  train, 
And  fpreads,  o'er  hill  and  vale,  the  living  green  ; 
Again  with  mufic,  wakes  the  woodland  fcene, 

And  decks  with  flowers,  of  varied  hue,  the  plain  ; 

The  winds  are  hulh'd,  and  peace  broods  o'er  the  main, 
The  meadows  laugh  beneath  the  blue  ferene, 
O'er  earth,  air,  fea,  the  power  of  love  is  feen, 

And  thrills  through  all  that  lives  the  pleafing  pain  ; 
But  not  to  me  the  genial  fpting  reftores 
The  joys,  her  prefence  erft  was  wont  infpire, 
But  wake*,  to  anguiih  wakes,  the  fenfe  of  woe  : 


SONNETS — I.  159 

Iti  vain,  her  chirms  on  all  around  fhe  pours, 
Thee,  Laura,  ftill  thefe  cheerlefs  eyes  require, 
And  reft  of  thee,  no  gleam  of  pleafure  know. 

This  exquifite  fonnet  has  been  imitated,  and  per 
haps  equilled,  by  Dra.iv.nond  of  Huwthornden,  (part. 
2,  fon  7.)  inde  d  all  the  fonnets  of  that  admirable, 
though  neglected  poet,  are  truly  Petrarchian,  and  un 
doubtedly  the  molt  perfect  which  our  language  can 
boafl.  If  we  believe  Mr.  Good,  the  learned  and  po 
etical  tranflator  of  Lucretius,  Petrarch  is  himfelf  an 
imitator.  (Good's  Lucretius,  v.  1,  p.  13.) 


160  8ONNETS — IT. 

ANOTHER  FROM  THE  SAME.— It, 

Pommlj  ovilfol  occlde  ifarl  e  Ferbay  &c* 


Yes  !  place  me,  where  the  fun,  with  hlafting  ray, 
Kills  every  herb  ;  or  where  perpetual  cold 
Has  fix'd  the  feas,  in  icy  mountains  roll'd  ; 
Or  mid  bleft  climes,  that  boaft  the  tempered  day, 
And  perfect  year,  exalt  to  wealth  and  fway  -, 
Or  let  proud  fortune  every  gift  withold  ; 
*  Let  Death,  with  damp  and  murky  wing  infold  ; 
Or  thro'  each  vein  life's  rapid  current  ft  ray  •, 

* Seu  Mors  atrls  circumvolat  alls. 

Hor.  B   2,  Sat.  1,  L.  58. 
Or  Death's  black  iving  already  be  difp/afd, 
To  wrap  me  in  the  univerfai  shade  :     Pope. 


SONNETS II.  161 

Whether  Oblivion  fhroud,  or  Fame  refound, 
In  heaven,  on  earth,  or  in  th'   abyfs  profound, 
Such  as  I  was,  ftill  fuch  (hall  I  be  found ; 
Still  will  I  pour  the  deep,  the  heartfelt  ftrain, 
Still  o'er  my  bread  fhall  Love,  and  Laura  reign, 
The  fource  of  all  my  blifs,  and  all  my  pain. 

The  idea  of  this  fonnet  was  evidently  fuggefted  by 
the  celebrated  ftanzas,  with  which  Horace  concludes 
the  twenty-fecond  ode  of  his  firft  book. 

Pone  me,  pigris  ubi  nulla  campis  &c. 

Drummond  furniihes  another  fuccefsful  imitation. 

(Part  1.  Son.  69.) 


Q     2 


162  SONNETS III. 


TO  MISS .    Ill, 


Tho*  love  be  faid  to  have  infpiring  force, 

And  e'en  in  untaught  breafts  to  wake  the  mufe, 
That  neither  thoughts,  nor  words,  doth  then  refufe, 

But  gives  to  flow  of  tender  verfe  the  Courfe  : 

Yet  in  my  faithful  bread,  tho'  long  the  fource 
Of  love,  fervent  and  pure,  as  e'er  could  boafl, 
Themoft  enraptur'd  of  Apollo's  hpft, 

Ne'er  can  the  "  cruel  boy,"  this  law  enforce. 
Ah  !   wonder  not,  tho*  apt  on  other  themes, 

The  mufe  mould  here  be  mute  ;  to  fpeak  my  love, 
Thy  merits  to  exprefs,   a  tafk  fhe  deems, 

Which  to  attempt,  would  folly  only  prove — 
Not  Maro's  felf  could  hope,  in  equal  verfe, 
Thy  virtues,  grace,  and  beauty,  to  rehearfe. 


SONNETS — IV.  163 


TO  THE  SAME.— IV. 


O  thou  moft  cherifh'd  in  my  fecret  heart, 

With  pureft  zeal  enftirin'd,  and  worfhipp'd  there, 
Still,  dill  I  fee,  as  when  compcll'd  to  part, 

Thy  trembling  form — the  wildly  penfive  air 
With  which  thou  bad'ft  adieu — the  big  drops  dart, 

And  courfe  thy  pallid  cheek — thou  breath' it  a  pray'r, 
That  he,  who  reigns  above,  will  deign  impart 

His  grace  divine,  and  fave  us  from  defpair. 
What  were  my  feelings  then  ? — to  madness  wrought, 

Now,  in  convulfive  glee,  I  laugh  aloud — 
Now,  fix'd  as  marble,  (land  entranc'd  in  thought, 

While  woe's  dark  vifions  on  my  fancy  crowd  ; 

Till  rous'd  at  length,  "  I  cannot,  muft  not  fhiy"— . * 

Preft  thy  cold  lips  again,  and  rufli'd  away. 


SONNETS — V. 


V. 


«  His  virtues  form' d  the  magic  ofhisfong" 

***•>-#**% 


Cowper,  afljrtor  of  the  moral  fong, 

Thou  England's  glory,  in  degenerate  days, 
And  juft  inheritor  of  ancient  praife, 

How  fhall  I  fpeak  thy  worth,  nor  do  thee  wrong  ? 

Unforc'd  by  art,  in  native  vigor  ftrong, 
Thy  pure,  and  fimple,  and  pathetic  lays, 
Replete  with  thought,  and  bright  with  fancy's  rays, 

Proclaim  thee  firit  amid  the  tuneful  throng  •, 

Yes  !   in  thy  verfe  a  fecret  charm  we  find, 

A  charm  not  taught,  and  ne'er  attained  by  art, 

At  once  it  gratifies,  and  fills  the  mind, 

And  foftens,  wakes,  and  meliorates  the  heart. 

'Tis  that  we  trace  thy  mind,  and  virtues  here, 

And  that  we  know,  and  feel  thee  ftill  fmcere. 


•OXNETS — 


VI. 


O  Burns  !  when  I  perufe  thy  nervous  page, 
Where,  fcenes  adorn'd  by  genius'  bnghteft 
And  pathos*  fofteft  tints,  the  fpirit  views, 
Feelings,  at  once  of  mingled  fcorn  and  rage, 
Will  rife,  againft  the  proud  and  felfifh  age, 
That  wonder'd  at  thy  wild  unlctter'd  mufe, 
And  while  it  prais'd,  yet,  niggard,  could  refuft 
The  proper  meed  ;  nor  rais'd  thee  to  the  ftage, 
Where  God  and  nature  deftin'd  thee  to  (land  j 

Whence  had  we  fecn  thy  genius  all  difplay'd, 
And  dreaming  fplendor  o'er  thy  native  land, 

All  thy  bright  foul,  in  warm  effulgence  ray'd  ; 
But  left  thee  on  bleak  poverty's  dark  ftrand, 
Where  f weeps  the  furge,  and  chilling  blafts  invade 


'166  SONNETS — 7LU 


TO  WILLIAM  COBBETT,  ESQ. 


JtLITOR    Of   THE  POLITICAL   REGISTER — FII. 


Cobbett !  altho'  thy  blind  or  envious  foes 

With  bafe  attempt,  impeach  thy  honed  fame, 
And  brand  thee  with  each  foul  opprobrious  name, 

Still  perfevere  ;  with  fearlefs  pen  expofe 

The  "  bold  bad  men"  who  caufe  thy  country's  woes  j 
Still  perfevere,  with  fix'd  and  condantaim, 
Till  every  bread  fhall  feel  the  patriot  flame, 

Whence  England's  proud  and  ancient  glories  rofe. 

Should  thofe  black  clouds  at  length  be  over-blown, 
Which  menace  ruin  to  thy  native  land, 

The  day  mud  come,  when  ALL  thy  worth  fhall  own, 
And  give  the  praife,  thy  zeal  and  cares  demand, 


•BOXNFTS — rn.  167 

"When  Factions  felf  no  longer  d  are  accufc, 
And  thou  (halt  g.iin  a  wreath  from  every  Mufe. 

Notwithstanding  the  prejudices  which  prevail  fo  ex- 
tenfively  in  this  country,  I  difdain  to  make  any  apology 
for  the  aoove  Sonnet.  I  ow.i,  I  cannot  help  feeling  an 
intereit  in  the  fate  of  England  j  and  I  am  firn.ly 
pjrluidod,  that  no  man,  of  common  fenfe  or  candor, 
can  peruie  with  attention  the  writings  of  Mr.  Cobbett, 
an  d  not  be  convinced  both  of  the  integrity  of  his  mo 
tives,  and  the  importance  of  hi$>  c 


90NNETS— -VIII. 


VIII. 


J,  late  efcapM  the  city's  noifome  air, 

T  he  din  of  ccnr  merce  ard  the  bufy  throng 

"Who  feek  for  wealth,  by  methods  right  or  wrong, 

And  wafte  their  lives  in  toil,  their  fouls  with  care, 

With  joy,  to  nature's  artlefs  fcenes  repair  -, 

Unfpent  in  breath,  in  new-born  vigour  ftrong, 
O'er  rocks,  and  rufhing  ftreams  1  bound  along., 

And  e'en  the  mountain's  higheft  fummit  dare  5 

Awhile  I  paufe  to  catch  a  frefher  gale, 
Then  to  fome  diflant  field  I  dart  away, 

Plunge  in  the  wood,  the  grove,  or  fhaded  vale, 
And  loft  in  wild  uncerum  rapture  ftray  : 

I  feel  n-y  thoughts  to  nobler  heights  alpire, 

And  ftrikt,  with  bokltr  haucl,  the  fouiuih^  lyre* 


169 


JONNETS IX. 


IX 


How  fwcct  to  draw  the  fragrant  breath  of  morn  •, 
To  mark  the  fun's  large  orb  majeftic  rife, 
While  rapid  dreams  of  light  o'erfpread  the  (kics, 

*  And  fleecy  clouds  in  thoufand  hues  adorn  ! 

How  f\veet  in  fome  romantic  glen,  that  lies 

Beyond  the  rage  of  noon,  where  ftreamlets,  borne 
Down  broken  channels  in  the  rough  rock  worn, 

Roll  murmuring  on,  to  reft  and  clofe  the  eyes  ! 

How  fweet,  at  eve,  to  climb  the  mountains  height, 
To  fee  o'er  plains  below  the  (hade  extend, 

And  watch  the  progrefs  of  departing  light, 

At  length,  with  flow  and  mufing  ilep  defcend, 

And  reach  our  cot,  as  falls  a  darker  night ; 
There  meet  the  charms,  w  ich  love  andfriendfliip  blend. 


*  The  cloids  in  thoufand  liveries  dight. 

L'ALLEGRO, 


TRANSLATION  OF  COWPER'S  VOTUM. 

Cowper's  Poems,  v.  1,  p.  284. 


Ye  dews  of  morn  !  ye  breezes  wafting  health  ! 

Ye  groves  and  green  banks  of  the  murmuring  ftream 

Ye  turf-crown'd  hills  !  ye  vales  of  cool  recefs  ! 

The  fimple  pleafures,  that  I  once  enjoy'd, 

In  my  paternal  fields,  remote  from  art, 

From  fear  remote,  would  but  the  fates  reftore  : 

The  world  unknowing,  to  the  world  unknown, 

How  gladly  would  I  fpend  my  future  days, 

And  wait  ferene  and  calm  th'  approach  of  age  ; 

And  when  my  years,  years  not  unbleft,  have  cloPd, 

And  death,  with  gentle  fweep,  has  laid  me  low, 

O  may  the  fwelling  turf,  or  filent  (lone 

Alone  denote  where  I  fecurely  lie. 


IMITATION 
OF  SOME  STAXZAS 

FROM    THE 

AM3RA  OF  LORENZO  DE  MEDICI. 

O  mifer  chi  tra  1'onde  trova  fuora,   &c. 

Unhappy  he,  who  wand'ring  far  from  fliore, 

Amid  the  ocean's  wafle,  where  night  has  fpread 
Her   thickeft  glooms  around,  and  tempefts  pour, 

And  wreck  their  fury  on  his  fencilefs  head, 
Expects  the  day,  and  flill  by  hope  mifled, 

Fancies  the  (hades  of  darkneL  'gin  retire  ; 
Fancies  he  views  the  ftreaV  s  of  paler  red, 

Which  fpeak  th'  approach  of  the  eternal  fire, 
That  ftill  far  'neath  the  waves,  his  brilliance  doth  attire. 


172  IMITATION. 

How  different  is  the  happy  lovers*  lot, 

Ne'er  point  their  wifhes  to  the  coming  day  ; 
All  griefs  difmified  and  anxious  cares  forgot, 

Their  thoughts  tend  folely  to  their  amorous  play  ; 
To  them  obfcure  and  tedious  is  the  day, 

And  the  fun  lingers  to  conceal  his  beams  •, 
But  night,  with  lightning-fwiftnefs,  fpeeds  her  way  *, 

And  oh  !   far  fliorter  than  the  day  it  feems, 
And  fcarceit  feems  begun,  when  morning  twilight  gleams, 


*STANZAS 
OF  A  POEM 

ENTITLED    THE 

TRIUMPH  OF  WOMAN. 

CONTENTS. 

Invocation — fecret  aflembly  of  the  ladies — charac 
ters  and  fpeechesof  feveral  of  the  members  Euphelia 
rifes — dominion  of  man  not  founded  on  the  advanta 
ges  of  his  corporeal  frame  ;  many  animals  fuperior  to 
him  in  (Irength,  fwiftnefs,  &c.  yet  all  have  been  tam'd 
to  his  ufe  or  dread  his  power  ;  nor  on  any  natural  fu- 
periority  of  his  mental  faculties  ;  but  folely  on  the  igno- 

*  There  is  a  conftderable  hiatus  in  the  manufcript  of  this 
poem  ;  should  the  pub.ic  add  "  aide  deflendus"  it  may  p  of-, 
fibly  be  Jitpplied. 

R      2 


l74(  TRIUMPH    OF    WOMAN. 

tance  in  which  woman  is  defignedly  kept — knowledge 
is  p  wer — neceflity  of  the  cultivation  of  the  mind — 
prediction  of  the  confequences  which  will  refult  from 
fuch  cultivation — applaufe  and  refolutions  of  the  afiem- 
bly — engagement  of  Mr.  Chilton,  &c. — wonderful 
progrefs  of  the  ladies  in  every  branch  of  fcience— - . 
alarm  and  terror  of  the  beaux — concluCon. 

O  were  I  fkill'd  in  necromantic  lore, 

*And  could  employ  the  might  of  magic  fpell, 
Forth  from  his  lowly  bed,  Dan  Spencer  hoar, 

With  rite  of  forcefull  fway,  would  I  compel  j 
In  reverent  accents  pray  the  thade  to  tell, 

Whence  flow  the  charts  that  ft  ill  entrance  the  mind. 
And  give  his  fong  all  others  to  excel  ; 

Ah  who  thy  lay  infpir'd,  what  fairy  kind, 
All  thy  verfes  fmooth'd,  and  every  thought  refin'd. 

* .  — —  —  O  who  can  tell 

7  he  bidden  power  of  herbs,  and  might  of  magic  fpell. 

Spencer,  F.  O.  b.  v,  c.  ii 


TTUUMFIl    OF   \VOMAN.  1*5 

The  folemn  epic  trump  like  thee  to  found, 

And  roufe  the  giant  War  with  mighty  blaft, 
While  Horror,  Rige,  and  Danger  crowd  around, 

And  Terror  wildly  glares,  "  in  trance  aghafl  ;  * 
Of  ancient  deeds  to  tell  and  ages  pad, 

When  lordly  Chivalry  maintained  his  fwny, 
And  each  true  knight,  in  burnifti'd  mail  yclafpt, 

Rufh'd  ardent  forth,  his  fummons  to  obey, 
While  glory  from  their  helms  his  brightefl  beams  did  ray; 

I  dare  not  afk  •,  this  envied  height  to  tow'r, 

And  foar  undazzled  to  the  folar  flame, 
Is  thine  alone  ;  may  "  bale  and  bitter  ilowre" 

Purfue  the  wight,  that  would  impeach  thy  fame  , 
Enough,  O  courteous  (hade,  to  gild  my  name, 

Thy  lefler  praifes  (hould'ft  thou  chufe  impart, 
The  harmony,  that  Murder's  fclf  might  tame, 

The  fimple  graces  that  emove  the  hearr, 
And  happy  negligence,  that  feems  to  fcorn  all  art- 


176  TRIUMPH    OF    WOMAN, 

Where  Hudfon  proud  his  mighty  ftream  outpours, 

And  fwells  the  ocean  with  his  copious  tide, 
A  fpacious  city  on  his  margin  foars, 

(  f  weftern  realm  the  glory  and  the  pride  5 
What  (lore  of  beauteous  damfels  here  abide, 

Who  Love's  fweet  reign  o'er  every  heart  extend, 
And  fpread  his  triumphs  round  on  every  fide, 

How  mall  my  verfe  compute  ?  or  whom  commend, 
When  for  the  golden  prize,  fo  many  fair  contend  ? 

Not  the  fam'd  rofes  that  in  England  blow, 

Can  boaft  the  vermeil  tints  and  foften'd  flufh, 
That  on  thefe  Damfels'  cheeks  are  wont  to  glow  j 

Not  fuch  the  luftre  of  Aurora's  blufh, 
If  from  the  heart  the  lucid  currents  rum, 

I  ,  pell'd  by  anger  or  ingenuous  fhame  ; 
The  "  foft  embodied"  fays,  that  fcarcely  crufli 

The  waving  grafs,  whiles  to  the  moon's  pale  flame, 
Their  feftive  fports  they  hold,  and  rings  myfterious  frame* 


TRIUMPH   OF   WOMAN.  177 

Not  with  fuch  grace,  fuch  airy  lightnefs  fleet, 

As  when  thefe  Dumfels,    in  the  mazy  dance, 
Deceive  the  eye,  with  "  many  twinkling"  feet  5 

Who  can  refift  that  foft,  that  feraph  glance, 
That  takes  theravim'd  foul,  in  pleafing  trance, 

^nd  opes  the  joys  of  Eden  on  the  mind  ? 
Let  Fable  now  be  filent,  and  Romance, 

Not  fpells  like  this  amid  their  tales  we  find, 
That  thus  fubdue  the  foul,  and  all  the  fenfes  bind. 

The  vifions  that  enchant  the  poet's  eye, 

When  youth  is  ardent,  and  when  Fancy  fways, 
Tho'  bright  with  colours  of  celeflial  dye, 

Tho'  deck'd  with  infpiration's  pureft  rays, 
Yet  ne'er  fuch  tranfports  of  devotion  ra'fe  ; 

Ne'er  to  fuch  height  of  rapture  lift  the  foul, 
Nor  match  the  charms,  that  here  aflembled  blaze  ; 

I  feel  tlieir  influence  now  my  bread  controul, 
And  bid  the  ftream  of  verfe,  its  tide  refiftlefs  roll. 


17B  TRIUMPH    OF    \VOMAN. 

Yet  not  thefe  charms  of  perifhable  grace, 

Whofe  fragrance  and  whofe  bloom  fo  foon  decay  \ 
Not  charms  that  Time  hath  licence  to  efface, 

Should  prompt,  alone,  my  tributary  lay  •, 
If  not  illum'd  by  that  furpafling  ray, 

Which  virtue  poureth  from  her  inward   (brine, 
My  lyre,  to  found  their  praife,  fhould  not  aflay  ; 

But  here  with  beauty  mental  graces  join, 
And  all  the  virtues  bright  with  mingled  luftre  fliine, 

Nor  this  their  higheft  praife ;  but  thoughts  elate, 

Which  fcorn  fubjection,  and  to  rule  afpire  : 
Which  fcorn  their  fex's  too  dependant  ft  ate, 

And  plans  of  iunuvarion  bold  infpire  ; 
The  love  of  fame,  and  freedom's  holy  fire 

Here  glow  unquench'd  in  every  female  breaft : 
Difdain  of  haughty  Man,  and  generous  ire, 

On  every  female  vifage,  Hand  confeft, 
And  frowns  and  threatning  clouds  each  female  browinveft. 


TRIUMPH    OF    WOMAN.  179 

AIi  !  lovely  woman,  how  fevere  thy  fate  ! 

How  joys  the  tyrant  Man  to  caufe  thy  woe  ! 
How  many  ways  he  fceks  to  gain  thy  hate, 

And  force  the  bitter  tears  of  forrow  flow  ! 
Well  may  thy  check  with  indignation  glow, 

A:iJ  wjll  thine  eye,  its  angry  lightning  flafh ; 
But  now  a  fpeedy  fall  awaits  thy  foe, 

Whom  foon  thy  virtue  from  the  height  fhall  dafli 
OI  All  his  pride,  and  wide  fli.il!  fpread  the  fatal  crafh. 

In  all  the  regions  of  the  varied  globe, 

(Where  flames  the  fun,  with  unremitting  ray, 
And  nature  wears  unchanged  her  fummer  robe  ; 

Or  where  his  beams  fcarce  dart  the  lingering  day, 
And  on  th'  impaflive  ice  the  light'nings  play) 

Woman  the  flave,  ftill  Man  the  lord  we  find  ; 
In  camp  and  fenate  ftill  he  bears  the  fway, 

Wiiile  (he  (the  privilege  of  thought  refign'd) 
To  low  delights,  and  mean  domeftic  cares  is  ftill  confin'd, 


180  TRIUMPH   OF    WOMAW. 

But  foon  the  Tyrant,  in  his  turn,  (hall  mourn, 

And  bow  his  haughty  neck  to  woman's  rule, 
While  laurel  wreaths  her  polifh'd  brow  adorn. 

Tho'  waters  n  antling  in  the  ftagnant  pool, 
Kor  cheer  the  fields,  the  fcorching  air  nor  cool, 

Yet,  if  releaf'd  they  fpread  their  dreams  around, 
(A  fimile  you'll  fay  of  Homer's  fchool) 

With  waving  plenty  laughs  the  teeming  ground, 
And  fongs  of  grateful  joy  thro'  all  the  vale  refound. 

And  thus,  when  Woman  {hall  commence  her  re*gn, 

Shall  joyful  earth  the  f«.t jd  change  approve  ; 
Then  murderous  War,  with  all  t'  e  baleful  train 

Of  vices,  that  the  world  triumphant  rove, 
Shall  yield  to  Peace,  and  Harmony,  and  Love  \ 

Again  Aftnea  from  the  ikies  defcend, 
And  ne'er  again  her  dwelling  to  remove ; 

The  paflions  fierce  their  dying  fury  fpend; 
And  an  eL  o'ei  our  blu's,  With  (miles  of  rapture  ber: 


TRIUMPH    OF    WOMAN.  181 


Mark  avarice  firft,  with  lean  and  fallow  face, 

And  hollow  eyes,  of  red  and  piercing  glare  ; 
Loofe  filthy  rags  his  toil-bent  form  difgrace, 

And  hangs  un  kempt  his  foul  and  matted  hair  ; 
His  bofom  feels  one  fole  an  d  fordid  care, 

Vafl  finning  heaps  of  ufelefs  drofs  to  pile, 
Nor  would  he,  from  this  drofs,  a  portion  fpare, 

For  all  the  joys  that  bafk  in  beauty's  fmile, 
Or  e'en  the  laurel  wreath  that  waits  Ambition's  toil. 

In  league  with  him  grofs  ignorance  is  join'd, 

Around  whofe  head  eternal  fogs  do  fwim, 
Nathlefs  his  darknefs  can  he  never  find, 

Nor  careth  for  the  Sun's  enliv'ning  beam  ; 
And  tho'  athwart  the  mift  it  fometimes  gleam, 

He  (huts  his  eyes  and  will  not  take  the  light, 
Nor  will  be  waken'd  from  his  ftupid  dream  ; 

'Twould  pity  move  to  fee  his  wretched  plight, 
Yet  laughs  he  aye,  and  feems  a  moft  contented  wight. 


182  TRIUMPH    OF    WOMAN. 

Thefe  two  here  hold  an  uncontrolled  fway, 

And  all  before  their  fordid  thrones  do  bend, 
And  all  devotion  at  their  altars  pay  •, 

But  whither,  Mufe,  unbridled  doft  thou  tend, 
Nor  car'ft  unthinking,  whom  thou  doft  offend  ? 

Certes,  thy  folly  foon  {hall  work  thee  rue 
Nor  e'er  repentance  fhall  thy  raflmefs  mend  ; 

God  grant  my  terrors  now  may  prove  untrue, 
And  thou  efcape  the  fangs  of  the  enraged  crew  ; 


"  How  hard  the  heart  of  proud  oppreffive  Man, 

"  How  thick  a  mift  involves  his  mental  eye, 
"  How  doth  he  mar  our  gracious  Maker's  plan, 

"  Which  to  his  paffions  vile  he  feeks  to  ply  ; 
"  He  fees  your  tears,  he  fees  the  burfting  figh 

"  Rack  your  foft  bofoms,  yet  unmov'd  remains, 
f(  Finn  as  the  oak,  that  rears  his  head  on  high, 

"  And  ftands  the  monarch  of  the  fubject  plains, 
"  In  vain,  a  tempeft  blows,  in  vain,  a  deluge  rains. 


TRIUMPH    OF    WOMAN.  183 

"   Ah  !  why  has  bounteous  Nature  thus  fupplied, 

"  This  dream  exhaudlefs  of  obedient  tears, 
"  If  nought  avaih  to  pour  the  willing  tide  ? 

"  What  ray  of  hope  our  dark  defpondence  cheers, 
"  Since  e'en  our  faintings,  and  hyderic  fears, 

"  No  longer  touch  the  rugged  iron  bread 
"  Of  man  ?  he  deels  his  heart,  he  (huts  his  ears, 

"  To  all  our  prayers  however  artful  dred  ; 
"  And  all  our  efforts  foils,  the  rod  of  i\vay  to  wred. 
***** 


*  *  *  * 

•  *  *  * 


Trembling  ami  ilcv.r  the  moded  maid  arofe, 

One  hand  her  fwelling  bofom  gently  pred, 
While  all  her  face,  with  fudden  crimfon,  glows, 

*And  Hope  and  Fear  ufurp,  by  turns,  her  bread  ; 
So  o'er  the  greenfward,  Nature's  pleafant  red, 

Now  dreams  of  light,  with  gentle  waving,  dray, 
Now  (hades  of  momentary  darknefs  red, 

As  flying  clouds  reveal  or  hide  the  ray, 
Pour'd  from  yon  golden  orb,  great  regent  of  the  day. 

*The  following  attufiin,  in  one  of  Mr.  Homes  tragedies^ 
appeared  to  me  to  unite  alm^ft  e.  ery  excellence^ 


184-  TRIUMPH    OF    WOMAN. 

Awhile  (he  paus'd  !  expecting  filence  reign'd  ; 

1  he  firft  faint  accents  on  her  lips  expire  *, 
Again  (he  blufh'd  ;  but  foon,  frefh  courage  gained, 

Diftinctly  fpeaks,  and  all  her  fears  retire ; 
*So  when  the  Zephyrs  thrill  their  airy  lyre, 

And  wake,  with  gentle  breath,  the  confcious  firings, 
With  gradual  fwell,  the  trembling  notes  afpire, 

(Sweet  as  the  (train  the  bird  of  midnight  fings,) 
Till  all  the  vale,  with  foft  repeated  echoes,  rings. 

Hope  and  Fear,  alternate  fw ay  d  his  breaft9 

Like  light  and  shade  upon  a  waving  field, 
Courfitig  each  other ,  when  the  flying  clouds 
Now  hide,  and  now  reveal  the  Sun* 

^:re  Cue  analogy  is  remarkably  perfect,  not  only  between 
light  and  hope,  and  bet  ween  darknefs  and  fear,  but  between 
the  rapid  fuccejjlon  of  light  and  shade,  and  the  momentary 
nftticnces  ofthzfe  oppojite  emotions  ;  and  at  the  fame  time, 
the  new  image,  which  is  prefented  to  us,  is  one  of  the  mojl 
beautiful  andjlriking  in  nature. 

Stewart's  El.  Phi.  of  the  H.  M. 

page  308,  quar-  ed. 

*So  when  the  Zephyrs,  &c.  I  ftncerely  leg  pardon  of 
the  Critics,  for  calling  the  harp  of  JEolus  the  "  lyre  of 
the  Zephyrs.'' 


TRIUMPH    OF    WOMAN.  18 


Woman,  indeed,  may  boafc  a  right  divine, 

From  Heav'ns  own  bounty  flic  derives  her  claim, 
And  whillt  I  live,  (lull  thought  and  deed  of  mine, 

Aflert  her  rights  and  vindicate  her  fame  ; 
A  nd  ever,  with  loud  voice,  will  I  proclaim 

Her  as  the  lawful  fovereign  of  the  foul, 
And  while  my  veins  fhali  warm  this  vital  flame, 

E'en  from  the  Northern  to  the  Southern  pole, 
Unwearied  will  I  try  to  fpread  her  juft  control. 

Nor  you,  ye  fair,  too  proud,  difdain  the  aid, 

Which  now  I  offer,  with  a  heart  fmcere, 
Nor  fcorn  the  poet,  who  has  thus  aflay'J  , 

O'er  vain  revolting  Man  your  fway  to  roar,  ; 
But  to  his  verfes  lend  attentive  ear, 

A.ui  with  approving  fmile  rece'.ve  the  lay, 
T'.ius  from  his  bread  difiblvc  that  icy  fer.r, 

Which  binds  the  Mufe,  long  llruggling  to  the  day, 

Like  fprinjing  lark,  ihe  mounts,  am!  tune*  her  carol  gay. 
s 


S861  TRIUMPH    OF    WOMAN. 

\     ' 

Nor  heed  of  witlings  the  malicious  fneer, 

Nor  credit  give,  to  th-ir  aflertion  bufe, 
That  fatire's  hideous  features  would  appear, 

If  torn  the  painted  mask,  that  hides  her  face, 
That  even  now,  thofe  features  they  can  trace, 

So  ill  the  mask  of  praife  is  fitted  on  ; 
A  wretch  were  I,  unworthy  of  your  grace, 

If  this  were  true  ;  I  own,  I  triiffc,  that  none 
Will  credit  lies,  more  glaring  than  the  noon-day  Sun. 

What  !  I  the  fex  deride,  who  round  my  heart 

The  filken  cords  of  love  fo  ftrong  have  twin'd, 
That  from  this  durance  I  may  never  part, 

Nor  thefe  fweet  chains,  with  all  my  force  unbind  ( 
To  truth's  refulgent  light,   I  v/een,  mod  blind 

Is  he,  who  fuch  grofs  folly  dare  maintain, 
Beyond  redrefs,  corrupted  is  his  mind, 

Who  could,  with  lie  so  foul,  his  conference  (lain  j 
Of  fuch  low  cenfurers,  now  fcorn  I  to  complain  ; 


* 


TRIUMPH    OF    WOMAN.  187 

Ah  !  who  would  dill  the  pulfe  of  youthly  mind, 

That  with  the  hope  of  fame  doth  rcfllcfs  beat  •, 
\Ylio  with  ^rave  counfcl,  or  reproach  unkind, 

Would  quench  the  flame  of  that  celeftiai  heat, 
That  warms  the  bofoms  of  the  good  and  gre    , 

And  forces  to  contemn  each  forrow'd  care, 
And  fhun  the  haunts  where  vice  and  fliamc  do  meet  j 

And  yet  I  ween,  there  ftiil  are  men  who  dare, 
This  warmth  and  virtuous  zeal,  with  madnefs  to  compare. 

I  grant,  if  lucre  be  the  end  of  life, 

And  all  our  thoughts  and  c  ires  (hould  thither  tend,; 
That  {hould  we  mix  in  fuch  ignoble  ftrife, 

And  for  fo  mean,  fo  vile  a  prize  contend  ; 
Then  muit  the  lore  of  prudence  all  be  ken'd, 

And  funk  the  light  of  the  fupernal  ray  ; 
Our  finful  nature  by  degrees  to  mend, 

And  climb  the  deep,  where,  mid  ft  eternal  day, 
F«dr  virtue  fits  enthron'd,  no  more  muft  we  aflay. 


TRIUMPH    OF  WOMAN. 

B.hold  the  flaves,  whom  avarice  fubdues, 

And  drives,  and  goads,  to  unremitting  toil  *, 
Mark,  with  what  ftern  delight  the  Tyrant  views, 

Their  bootlefs  labor,  and  exults  the  while 
The  wretches  fuffer  from  his  cruel  guile. 

For  fplendid  vifions  ftill  enchain  the  fijit 
And  mock  their  wifhes,  and  their  efforts  foil  ; 

What  tho'  the  fiend  their  golden  harveits  blight, 
Deluded  and  enthrall'd,  they  drudge  from  morn  to  night. 

Belov'd  of  Heav'n,  ye  facred  band,  I  hail, 

Whofe  virtuous  breafts,  the  love  of  truth  infpires  j 
Tho'  Malice,  Envy,  mould  your  worth  affail, 

Tho'  Poverty  confine  your  large  defires, 
Your  conftant  purpofe  ne'er  Misfortune  tires  ; 

Nor  Woe  extinguiflies  the  holy  flame, 
That  whence  it  comes,  ftill  Heavenward  afpires. 

Ah  !   why  mould  I  reprefs  the  hope  that  Fame, 
"Where  yours  me  blazons  full,  may  mark  myhumblenpme. 


TRIUMPH    OF    WOMAN.  ISO 

And  hail  !  ye  mighty  matters  of  the  fong  , 

Who  e'en  to  thrilling  rapture  wake  the  foul  \ 
To  you  the  powers  of  magic  fpcll  belong, 

For  as  ye  lift,  ye  bear  from  pole  to  pole 
The  fpirit  !apt ;  now  thundering  torrents  roll, 

And  dafh,  and  foam,  impetuous  to  the  plain — 
H  ave  fcenes  of  Eden  on  my  fenfes  dole  ? 

Do  Seraphs  breathe  that  foft,  entrancing  (train  ? 
Ah  I  do  r.ct  dill  the  lyre,  re  found  thofe.  notes  ajain. 

But  when  diflblves  the  fervid  fancy's  dream, 

To  real  life  unwilling  we  return. 
How  vain  all  fublunary  cares  we  deem  ! 

How  fcorn  the  limits  of  this  tranfient  bourne  ! 
Miftaken  youth  !   thy  facred  duties  learn, 

And  ftrive  to  fill  the  part,  <!iat  God  has  giv'n, 
Tho*  far  more  perfect  blifs  thy  bofom  yearn, 

Know,  'tis  our  trial  here  that  leads  to  heav'n, 
He,  that  in  floth  repines,  fhall  never  be  forgiv'n. 


190  TRIUMPH   OF   WOMAN. 

And  now  my  weaned  hand,  and  wearied  mind, 

Demand  repofe,  and  further  toil  refufe  j 
But  mould  Apollo  round  my  temples  bind 

A  garland,  drench'd  in  pure  caftalian  dews, 
The  guerdon  fair  would  vigour  frefh  infufe  j 

Perhaps,  embolden'd  by  the  voice  of  praife, 
The  Mufe  might  dare  fome  nobler  theme  to  chufe, 

The  which  adorn'd,  a  deathlefs  name  mall  raife, 
O'er  Time's  .unbounded  fen,  v/ith  conftast  fbmc,  to  blaze. 


CONCLUDING  SONNET. 


Farewell !  bled  fcenes,  where  Fancy  pours  her  day, 
And  fheds  a  fofter,  more  romantic  light ; 
Where  Beauty's  living  forms  entrance  the  fight, 

And  fweeted  mufic  warbles  from  each  fpray  ; 

Scenes,  where  the  lonely  bard  is  wont  to  dray, 
And  as  your  charms  his  warmed  foul  excite, 
Paints  what  he  fees  in  colors  ever  bright. 

With  flow  reluctant  ftep,  I  fhun  your  fway, 

Bleil  fcenes,  farewell !  now  folemn  duties  call ; 
Now  muft  I  mingle  in  the  worldly  flrife, 

Of  anxious  care,  of  ceafelefs  toil  the  thrall  ; 
And  yet,  mould  Providence  extend  my  life, 

Once  more  emerging  from  the  tranficnt  gloom, 

I'll  quaff  your  fprings,  and  cull  your  faired  bloom. 

FINIS. 


ERRATA. 


Page  4,  line  4,  read  amceni — 5,  11,  where — 6,  6, 
foenum — 8,  camcenis — 10,  4,  pnebere — 12,  3,  pro- 
mittere — 14-,  10,  quse — 20,  10,  comcedus — 22,  14, 
bevis — 30,  5,  recens — 38,  6,  villicus — 4-0,  12,  in- 
felix — 4-1,  12,  length — 42,  3,  Afturi — 8,  prseclarum 
—43,  13,  dome — 44,  3,  Circenfibus — 13,  feneftrae 
111,  7,  unfetter'd — 120,  1,  not — 125,  1 7,  were — 
126,  3,  lead— 128,  2,  unnumber'd— 131,  8,  hope— 
142,  7,  debilitatos. 


... 


14  DAY  USE 

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